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Lean enterprise is a practice focused on value creation for the end customer with minimal waste and processes. [4] The term has historically been associated with lean manufacturing and Six Sigma (or Lean Six Sigma) due to lean principles being popularized by Toyota in the automobile manufacturing industry and subsequently the electronics and internet software industries.
The strategic elements of lean can be quite complex, and comprise multiple elements. Four different notions of lean have been identified: [44] Lean as a fixed state or goal (being lean) Lean as a continuous change process (becoming lean) Lean as a set of tools or methods (doing lean/toolbox lean) Lean as a philosophy (lean thinking)
Lean thinking was born out of studying the rise of Toyota Motor Company from a bankrupt Japanese automaker in the early 1950s to today's dominant global player. [4] At every stage of its expansion, Toyota remained a puzzle by capturing new markets with products deemed relatively unattractive and with systematically lower costs while not following any of the usual management dictates.
It was developed as a guide for managers of manufacturing plants on how to combine lean manufacturing and Six Sigma to improve quality and cycle time in the plant. [5] In the early 2000s Six Sigma principles expanded into other sectors of the economy, such as healthcare, finance, and supply chains. [citation needed]
The design for lean manufacturing equation is design for lean manufacturing success = strategic values minus the drivers of design and process wastes. A good design is one that simultaneously reduces waste and delivers value. [17] [18] There are multiple drivers that cause product, process, and lifecycle wastes. [19]
Boeing in turn took the Toyota model and added computer-aided enforcement of lean methodologies throughout the manufacturing process. One of the major sources for CALM's outgrowth was integrated definition modeling in aerospace manufacturing that was pioneered by the U.S. Air Force in the 1970s. IDEF is a methodology designed to model the end ...
The application of Lean in product development and manufacturing are different. Some aspects may look similar, but they are not! Be wary of an expert with experience in lean manufacturing who claims to know product development." [7] The most common high-level concepts associated with lean product development are: Creation of re-usable knowledge ...
Lean integration drives elimination of waste by adopting reusable elements, high automation and quality improvements. Lean is a data-driven, fact-based methodology that relies on metrics to ensure that the quality and performance are maintained at a high level. An organizational focus is required for the implementation of lean integration ...
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