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India in 1525 just before the onset of Mughal rule. The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–1530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Persianized Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father's side, and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side. [12]
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.
The Mughal dynasty (Persian: دودمان مغل, romanized: Dudmân-e Mughal) or the House of Babur (Persian: خاندانِ آلِ بابُر, romanized: Khāndān-e-Āl-e-Bābur), was a branch of the Timurid dynasty founded by Babur that ruled the Mughal Empire from its inception in 1526 till the early eighteenth century, and then as ceremonial suzerains over much of the empire until 1857.
Mughal Warfare. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415239899. Gordon, Stewart (2008). When Asia was the World: Traveling Merchants, Scholars, Warriors, and Monks who created the "Riches of the East". Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81556-0. Hasan, Mohibbul (1985). Babur: Founder of the Mughal Empire in India. New Delhi: Manohar Publications.
Shah Jahan at his Durbar, from the Windsor Padshahnama, c. 1657 Shah Jahan the Great Mogul Throne of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan of India, Red Fort, Delhi Evidence from the reign of Shah Jahan states that in 1648 the army consisted of 911,400 infantry, musketeers , and artillery men, and 185,000 Sowars commanded by princes and nobles.
Hindu king Hemu defeats Mughal forces in the Battle of Tughlaqabad: 5 November: Hindu king Hemu establishes his raj in North India and bestowed with title of Vikramaditya.He was defeated at the Second Battle of Panipat by Akbar and Bairam Khan's forces. 1565: 26 January: Battle of Talikota results in the rout of Vijayanagara empire. 1568
Under Akbar, Mughal India developed a strong and stable economy, which tripled in size and wealth, leading to commercial expansion and greater patronage of an Indo-Persian culture. Akbar's courts at Delhi , Agra , and Fatehpur Sikri attracted holy men of many faiths, poets, architects, and artisans, and became known as centres of the arts ...
The Mughal Harem was the harem of Mughal emperors of the Indian subcontinent. The term originated with the Near East , meaning a "forbidden place; sacrosanct, sanctum", and etymologically related to the Arabic حريم ḥarīm , "a sacred inviolable place; female members of the family" and حرام ḥarām , "forbidden; sacred".