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In parallel to albuminuria in 1936, discussion on renal lesions observed in patients with diabetes led to the description, by Kimmelstiel and Wilson, of the characteristic nodular fibrotic observed in the diabetic glomeruli (Kimmelstiel and Wilson, 1936b). Kimmelstiel and Wilson introduced the term diabetic nephropathy (DN) to define a clinical ...
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and is a serious complication that affects approximately one quarter of adults with diabetes in the United States. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Affected individuals with end-stage kidney disease often require hemodialysis and eventually kidney transplantation to replace the failed kidney ...
Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (IPH) is a benign lesion of the oral mucosa which is characterized by the growth of one or more nodular lesions, measuring about 2mm or less. [4] [5] The lesion almost exclusively involves the hard palate, and in rare instances, it also has been seen on the mandible. The lesion is mostly asymptomatic and color ...
A heart attack can cause pain the chest; sometimes this pain can radiate up to the jaw. (Malik et al., 2013) [4] Calcium channel blockers are medications prescribed for the treatment of a number of heart conditions and primarily to treat high blood pressure. They can cause gingival hypertrophy (overgrowth), particularly dihydropyridine and ...
Angular cheilitis is a fairly non specific term which describes the presence of an inflammatory lesion in a particular anatomic site (i.e. the corner of the mouth). As there are different possible causes and contributing factors from one person to the next, the appearance of the lesion is somewhat variable.
Pain is worst in the days immediately following the initial formation of the ulcer, and then recedes as healing progresses. [4] If there are lesions on the tongue, speaking and chewing can be uncomfortable, and ulcers on the soft palate, back of the throat, or esophagus can cause painful swallowing. [4] Signs are limited to the lesions themselves.
a. Early lesions, blanching of the oral mucosa; b. Older lesions, vertical and circular palpable fibrous bands in and around the mouth or lips, resulting in a mottled, marble-like appearance of the buccal mucosa; Stage 3: Sequelae of oral submucous fibrosis a. Leukoplakia; b. Speech and hearing deficits
Some causes of a burning mouth sensation may be accompanied by clinical signs in the mouth or elsewhere on the body. For example, burning mouth pain may be a symptom of allergic contact stomatitis . This is a contact sensitivity ( type IV hypersensitivity reaction) in the oral tissues to common substances such as sodium lauryl sulfate ...