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  2. Loop (graph theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_(graph_theory)

    A graph with a loop on vertex 1. In graph theory, a loop (also called a self-loop or a buckle) is an edge that connects a vertex to itself. A simple graph contains no loops. Depending on the context, a graph or a multigraph may be defined so as to either allow or disallow the presence of loops (often in concert with allowing or disallowing ...

  3. Reachability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reachability

    In graph theory, reachability refers to the ability to get from one vertex to another within a graph. A vertex s {\displaystyle s} can reach a vertex t {\displaystyle t} (and t {\displaystyle t} is reachable from s {\displaystyle s} ) if there exists a sequence of adjacent vertices (i.e. a walk ) which starts with s {\displaystyle s} and ends ...

  4. One-loop Feynman diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-loop_Feynman_diagram

    Diagrams with loops (in graph theory, these kinds of loops are called cycles, while the word loop is an edge connecting a vertex with itself) correspond to the quantum corrections to the classical field theory. Because one-loop diagrams only contain one cycle, they express the next-to-classical contributions called the semiclassical contributions.

  5. Graph theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory

    A loop is an edge that joins a vertex to itself. Graphs as defined in the two definitions above cannot have loops, because a loop joining a vertex to itself is the edge (for an undirected simple graph) or is incident on (for an undirected multigraph) {,} = {} which is not in {{,},}. To allow loops, the definitions must be expanded.

  6. Cycle (graph theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_(graph_theory)

    Perfect graph, a graph with no induced cycles or their complements of odd length greater than three; Pseudoforest, a graph in which each connected component has at most one cycle; Strangulated graph, a graph in which every peripheral cycle is a triangle; Strongly connected graph, a directed graph in which every edge is part of a cycle

  7. Glossary of graph theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_graph_theory

    The transitive closure of a given directed graph is a graph on the same vertex set that has an edge from one vertex to another whenever the original graph has a path connecting the same two vertices. A transitive reduction of a graph is a minimal graph having the same transitive closure; directed acyclic graphs have a unique transitive reduction.

  8. Topos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topos

    For example the category Grph of graphs and their associated homomorphisms is a topos whose final object 1 is the graph with one vertex and one edge (a self-loop), but is not concrete because the elements 1 → G of a graph G correspond only to the self-loops and not the other edges, nor the vertices without self-loops.

  9. Cycle graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_graph

    In a directed graph, a set of edges which contains at least one edge (or arc) from each directed cycle is called a feedback arc set. Similarly, a set of vertices containing at least one vertex from each directed cycle is called a feedback vertex set. A directed cycle graph has uniform in-degree 1 and uniform out-degree 1.

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