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The Kashmir Shaivism tradition, also called Trika Shaivism, is a non-dualist branch of Shaiva-Shakta Tantra Hinduism that originated in Kashmir after 850 CE. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In its place of origin in Kashmir, this tradition is commonly referred to as " Kashmiri Shaivism ."
The Kashmiri Shaivism is combination of Shaivism, Agama and Tantra. A number of commentaries were written by Vasugupta's contemporaries or successors. Most famous of them is Kshemaraja's Vimarshini (10th Century C.E.) which has been translated into English by Jaideva Singh and Swami Lakshman Joo .
Mark S. G. Dyczkowski is an English Indologist, musician, and scholar of Tantra and Kashmir Shaivism. [1] He has published multiple translations and commentaries, most notably the 12-volume Manthanabhairava Tantra [2] and an 11-volume Tantrāloka including the commentary by Jayaratha.
Vasugupta is regarded by some as the founder of the system of Hindu philosophy known as Advaita Shaivism of Kashmir, or Trika. [2] Vasugupta's Shiva Sutra is an important Yoga text, foundational to the Trika system of Kashmir Shaivism. The text discusses the nature and cause of bondage, and how one liberates from this bondage.
Though there are no English translations of Tantrāloka to date, the last recognized master of the oral tradition of Kashmir Shaivism, Swami Lakshman Joo, gave a condensed version of the key philosophical chapters of Tantrāloka in his book, Kashmir Shaivism – The Secret Supreme. [28]
An essential feature of Kashmir Shaivism is the concept of activity inside the ultimate consciousness. Śiva acts, and his most important actions are five in number: creation, maintenance, dissolution, occultation and grace.
A sculpture of Bhairava (the fearsome one). The Vijñāna-bhairava-tantra (VBT, sometimes spelled in a Hindicised way as Vigyan Bhairav Tantra) is a Shiva Tantra, of the Kaula Trika tradition of Kashmir Shaivism, possibly authored by Guru Keyūravatī. [1]
Shaivism is a major tradition within Hinduism with a theology that is predominantly related to the Hindu god Shiva. Shaivism has many different sub-traditions with regional variations and differences in philosophy. [31] Shaivism has a vast literature with different philosophical schools ranging from nondualism, dualism, and mixed schools. [32]