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Preterm infants are often anemic and typically experience heavy blood losses from frequent laboratory testing in the first few weeks of life. [4] Although their anemia is multifactorial, repeated blood sampling and reduced erythropoiesis with extremely low serum levels of erythropoietin (EPO) are major causative factors.
Intrauterine hypoxia can be attributed to maternal, placental, or fetal conditions. [12] Kingdom and Kaufmann classifies three categories for the origin of fetal hypoxia: 1) pre-placental (both mother and fetus are hypoxic), 2) utero-placental (mother is normal but placenta and fetus is hypoxic), 3) post-placental (only fetus is hypoxic).
[12] Hypothyroidism and chronic kidney disease [13] [14] Parasitic infestations: some examples are hookworm or Plasmodium species [7] Bacterial or viral infections. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in the pregnant woman. During pregnancy, the average total iron requirement is about 1200 mg per day for a 55 kg woman.
Miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy prior to 20 weeks. [43] [44] In the UK, miscarriage is defined as the loss of a pregnancy during the first 23 weeks. [45] Comprehensive support, consists of the consultation of the genomics as well as the provision of the medical or surgical operations required. The psychological relevance of family ...
Anemia (also spelled anaemia in British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen.This can be due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, or abnormalities in hemoglobin that impair its function.
Several conditions and risk factors can lead to fetal distress or non-reassuring fetal status, [1] including: Low amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios) If there is too little amniotic fluid around the baby in the uterus, the baby can have trouble moving around in the uterus and its growth and temperature can be impacted.
[1] [4] Miscarriage before 6 weeks of gestation is defined as biochemical loss by ESHRE. [13] [14] Once ultrasound or histological evidence shows that a pregnancy has existed, the term used is clinical miscarriage, which can be "early" (before 12 weeks) or "late" (between 12 and 21 weeks). [13]
Medications can have adverse effects and cause nutritional anemia as well. Medications that stop the absorption of iron in the gut and cause bleeding from the gut (NSAIDs and Aspirin) can be culprits in the development of this condition. Hydrocortisones and valproic acid are also two drugs that can cause moderate bleeding from the gut.