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The Treaty on European Union, commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty, is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU). Concluded in 1992 between the then-twelve member states of the European Communities, it announced "a new stage in the process of European integration" [2] chiefly in provisions for a shared European citizenship, for the eventual introduction of a single currency, and ...
After the treaty was signed, three countries held referendums on its ratification. Ireland — a referendum to approve the Eleventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, 18 June 1992, 69.1% in favour, turnout 57.3% France — 1992 French Maastricht Treaty referendum, 20 September 1992, 51.0% in favour, turnout 69.7%
The Agreement between the United States of America, Mexico, and Canada (USMCA) [1] [Note 1] is a free trade agreement among the United States, Mexico, and Canada.It replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) implemented in 1994, [2] [3] [4] and is sometimes characterized as "NAFTA 2.0", [5] [6] [7] or "New NAFTA", [8] [9] since it largely maintains or updates the provisions of ...
Article K.3 of the Maastricht Treaty, which entered into force in 1993, authorised the European Communities to "draw up conventions which it shall recommend to the Member States for adoption in accordance with their respective constitutional requirements" under the newly created Justice and Home Affairs pillar, which was organised on an ...
The European Political Co-operation (EPC) was the common term for the co-ordination of foreign policy between member states of the European Communities (EC) from its inception in 1970 until the EPC was superseded by the new European Union's (EU) Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) pillar upon the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty in November 1993.
The Treaty on the European Union (2007) is one of the primary Treaties of the European Union, alongside the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The TEU forms the basis of EU law , by setting out general principles of the EU's purpose, the governance of its central institutions (such as the Commission, Parliament, and Council ...
1957 – Treaty of Rome creates European Economic Community (by "The Six": Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany) 1963 – Ankara Agreement initiated a three-step process toward creating a Customs Union which would help secure Turkey's full membership in the EEC. 1963 – Charles de Gaulle vetoes UK entry
The latter treaty had included rights provisions and Craig and de Búrca argue that, in light of that failure, the drafters of the EEC Treaty wished to eschew any implicitly political elements. [2] However, the idea that the purely economic end of the new EEC Treaty would be unlikely to have any implications for fundamental rights was soon to ...