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Makemake was discovered on March 31, 2005, by a team at the Palomar Observatory, led by Michael E. Brown, [8] and was announced to the public on July 29, 2005. The team had planned to delay announcing their discoveries of the bright objects Makemake and Eris until further observations and calculations were complete, but announced them both on July 29 when the discovery of another large object ...
S/2015 (136472) 1, unofficially nicknamed MK2 by the discovery team, [2] is the only known moon of the trans-Neptunian dwarf planet Makemake. [1] [4] It is estimated to be 175 km (110 mi) in diameter and has a semi-major axis of at least 21,000 km (13,000 mi) from Makemake. [1]
In 2023, Emery et al. wrote that near-infrared spectroscopy by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2022 suggests that Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar underwent internal melting, differentiation, and chemical evolution, like the larger dwarf planets Pluto, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake, but unlike "all smaller KBOs".
Makemake has one moon, discovered in April 2016. A number of other objects in the Kuiper belt and scattered disk may turn out to be dwarf planets. Orcus, Quaoar, Gonggong, and Sedna are generally agreed to be dwarf planets among astronomers, and all but Sedna are known to have moons. [9]
Makemake, a dwarf planet (307261) 2002 MS 4; 120347 Salacia; 20000 Varuna; Scattered-disc objects Gonggong, a dwarf planet. Xiangliu; Eris, a dwarf planet. Dysnomia (84522) 2002 TC 302 (87269) 2000 OO 67; V774104; Detached objects. 2004 XR 190; 2012 VP 113 (possibly inner Oort cloud) Sedna, a dwarf planet (possibly inner Oort cloud) Oort cloud ...
There is a strong consensus among astronomers [e] that the Solar System has at least nine dwarf planets: Ceres, Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, Eris, and Sedna. There are a vast number of small Solar System bodies , such as asteroids , comets , centaurs , meteoroids , and interplanetary dust clouds .
The Kuiper belt is home to most of the objects that astronomers generally accept as dwarf planets: Orcus, Pluto, [5] Haumea, [6] Quaoar, and Makemake. [7] Some of the Solar System's moons, such as Neptune's Triton and Saturn's Phoebe, may have originated in the region. [8] [9]
At the time Makemake and Haumea were named, it was thought that trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with icy cores would require a diameter of only about 400 km (250 mi), or 3% the size of Earth – the size of the moons Mimas, the smallest moon that is round, and Proteus, the largest that is not – to relax into gravitational equilibrium. [65]