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The 1969 White Paper (officially entitled Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy) was a policy paper proposal set forth by the Government of Canada related to First Nations. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and his Minister of Indian Affairs , Jean Chrétien , issued the paper in 1969.
In the 1960s, there were many acts passed, geared to helping the Indian tribes. Indian tribes benefited greatly from these because it gave them rights within both the tribal and federal government. In 1968, the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 was passed. It recognized the Indian tribes as sovereign nations with the federal government.
The different types of cultural assimilation include full assimilation and forced assimilation. Full assimilation is the more prevalent of the two, as it occurs spontaneously. [ 2 ] When used as a political ideology, assimilationism refers to governmental policies of deliberately assimilating ethnic groups into the national culture.
Native American children had been sent to white households for assimilation since the colonial era. [8] 18th-century ministers in both New England and Virginia, for instance, brought Native American children into their homes to teach them their ways. [8]
While the Indian Removal Act made the relocation of the tribes voluntary, it was often abused by government officials. The best-known example is the Treaty of New Echota. It was negotiated and signed by a small fraction of Cherokee tribal members, not the tribal leadership, on December 29, 1835. While tribal leaders objected to Washington, DC ...
Motivations to assimilate were based on disconnecting people from traditional homelands, where Native American people have special relationships to land and ties communities. [ 1 ] [ 14 ] While an economic and cultural disaster for many indigenous people of the United States, the act was rationally planned and successful for the US. [ 12 ]
Forced assimilation is the involuntary cultural assimilation of religious or ethnic minority groups, during which they are forced by a government to adopt the language, national identity, norms, mores, customs, traditions, values, mentality, perceptions, way of life, and often the religion and ideology of an established and generally larger community belonging to a dominant culture.
His report additionally called for the shut down of any form of "forced assimilation programs". [7] A main form of forced assimilation in Canada could be seen through the Residential Schools. [7] Based on the report, the government decided to engage in consultation with various Indigenous Communities, and proceeded to amend the Indian Act. [7]