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Lifted fault-block geology Tilted fault-block formation in the Teton Range. Fault-block mountains often result from rifting, an indicator of extensional tectonics. These can be small or form extensive rift valley systems, such as the East African Rift zone. Death Valley in California is a smaller example.
San Andreas Fault System (Banning fault, Mission Creek fault, South Pass fault, San Jacinto fault, Elsinore fault) 1300: California, United States: Dextral strike-slip: Active: 1906 San Francisco (M7.7 to 8.25), 1989 Loma Prieta (M6.9) San Ramón Fault: Chile: Thrust fault: Sawtooth Fault: Idaho, United States: Normal fault: Seattle Fault ...
A fault plane is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault. A fault trace or fault line is a place where the fault can be seen or mapped on the surface. A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault. [3] [4] A fault zone is a cluster of parallel faults.
Tilted block faulting, also called rotational block faulting, is a mode of structural evolution in extensional tectonic events, a result of tectonic plates stretching apart. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When the upper lithospheric crust experiences extensional pressures, the brittle crust fractures, creating detachment faults . [ 3 ]
The Basin and Range Province in the western United States is an extensive region of alternating valleys and ridges caused by horst and graben as well as tilted block faulting. [ 1 ] The Condroz and Ardennes regions of Wallonia are good examples of a succession of horst and graben.
Rift extension. Top: Full graben between two faults, each sloping towards center of rift. Bottom: half graben, more common Block view of a rift formed of three segments, showing the location of the accommodation zones between them at changes in fault location or polarity (dip direction)
In physical geography and geology, a horst is a raised fault block bounded by normal faults. [1] Horsts are typically found together with grabens. While a horst is lifted or remains stationary, the grabens on either side subside. [2] This is often caused by extensional forces pulling apart the crust.
Once the drag force exceeds the static friction limit f(0), the block will slide along the ground surface. [1] [2] Assuming that the kinematic friction is smaller than the static friction, [7] the block's initial movement is unstable, which is equivalent to a fault rupture. Once the block comes to rest at a new location, stress begins to ...