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A rheumatoid nodule is a lump of tissue, or an area of swelling, that appears on the exterior of the skin usually around the olecranon (tip of the elbow) or the interphalangeal joints (finger knuckles), but can appear in other areas. [1]
Caplan syndrome presents with cough and shortness of breath in conjunction with features of rheumatoid arthritis, such as painful joints and morning stiffness. Examination should reveal tender, swollen metacarpophalangeal joints and rheumatoid nodules; auscultation of the chest may reveal diffuse crackles that do not disappear on coughing or taking a deep breath.
The Aschoff nodules are foci of T lymphocytes, occasional plasma cells, and activated macrophages (Anitschkow cells) pathognomonic of rheumatic fever. These macrophages have abundant cytoplasm and central round nuclei in which chromatin condenses into a central, slender, wavy ribbon, the reason why they are sometimes called "caterpillar cells".
About 20% of people with rheumatoid arthritis develop rheumatoid nodules, which are linked to more severe erosive disease in those patients. [2] The nodules are more common in men, typically manifest in the fifth decade of life, and are primarily found on extensor surfaces like the backs of the fingers and elbows, though they can occur anywhere.
The typical rheumatoid nodule may be a few millimetres to a few centimetres in diameter and is usually found over bony prominences, such as the elbow, the heel, the knuckles, or other areas that sustain repeated mechanical stress. Nodules are associated with a positive RF (rheumatoid factor) titer, ACPA, and severe erosive arthritis. Rarely ...
In pathology, a granuloma is an organized collection of macrophages. [1] [6] In medical practice, doctors occasionally use the term granuloma in its more literal meaning: "a small nodule". Since a small nodule can represent any tissue from a harmless nevus to a malignant tumor, this use of the term is not very
Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (PNGS) is usually associated with a well-defined connective tissue disease, lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis most commonly, and often presents with eroded or ulcerated symmetrically distributed umbilicated papules or nodules on the elbows. [1] [2]
Fibrinoid necrosis is a pathological lesion that affects blood vessels, and is characterized by the occurrence of endothelial damage, followed by leakage of plasma proteins, including fibrinogen, from the vessel lumen; these proteins infiltrate and deposit within the vessel walls, where fibrin polymerization subsequently ensues.