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A Rubens tube setup. A Rubens tube, also known as a standing wave flame tube, or simply flame tube, is a physics apparatus for demonstrating acoustic standing waves in a tube. Invented by German physicist Heinrich Rubens in 1905, it graphically shows the relationship between sound waves and sound pressure, as a primitive oscilloscope. Today, it ...
Like the Rijke tube, it was discovered that placing a porous heater — as well as a "stack" (a "plug" that is porous) — in the tube greatly increased the power and efficiency of the Sondhauss tube. [12] [13] (In demonstration models, the tube can be heated externally and steel wool can serve as a stack.) [14]
Therefore, the length of the tube is a multiple of half a wavelength. At this point, the sound waves in the tube are in the form of standing waves, and the amplitude of vibrations of air is zero at equally spaced intervals along the tube, called the nodes. The powder is caught up in the moving air and settles in little piles or lines at these ...
Fire pistons in Southeast Asia were variously constructed of bamboo, wood, metal, ivory, bone, and horn. The main tube was typically around 3.25 in (8.3 cm) long and 0.5 in (1.3 cm) in diameter, with a bore size around 0.375 in (0.95 cm). [7] The end of the tube usually flared out into a small cavity used for holding tinder. [2]
Flame test; Magic sand — demonstrates hydrophobic substances; Mercury beating heart — demonstrates electrochemical redox reaction. and an effect of a non-homogeneous electrical double layer; Screaming jelly babies — demonstrates the energy within candy; Using liquid nitrogen to shatter a rose; Detonating a cloud of flour
A shock tube is an instrument used to replicate and direct blast waves at a sensor or model in order to simulate explosions and their effects, usually on a smaller scale. Shock tubes (and related impulse facilities such as shock tunnels, expansion tubes, and expansion tunnels) can also be used to study aerodynamic flow under a wide range of ...
The Chemical History of a Candle was the title of a series of six lectures on the chemistry and physics of flames given by Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution in 1848, as part of the series of Christmas lectures for young people founded by Faraday in 1825 and still given there every year.
In 2023 researchers announced a demonstration unit of a hybrid air-breathing engine. It combines a continuous RDE for propulsion at below Mach 7 with an oblique detonation engine for use at speeds up to Mach 16. The oblique detonation waves are stationary and stabilized. BPMI is China's leading ramjet manufacturer. [31]