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Data from 1971 to 1991–92 are based on official exchange rates. Data from 1992 to 1993 onward are based on FEDAI (Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India) indicative rates. Data from 1971 to 1972–73 for the Deutsche Mark and the Japanese Yen are cross rates with the US Dollar. The Euro replaced the Deutsche Mark w.e.f. January 1, 1999.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investments can significantly impact reserves. The Reserve Bank of India may intervene in the foreign exchange market to stabilize the Indian rupee, influencing reserves. Fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates, and international trade dynamics can affect reserves.
Gold smuggling was rampant in India until liberalisation, which repealed The Gold (Control) Act, 1968 that prohibited the import of gold except for jewellery. [4] In the 2011–12 period India's current account deficit burgeoned to 4.2% of its GDP. [5] This was due to high prices of oil and gold, which the country imports in huge volumes. [6]
The spot exchange rate is the current exchange rate, while the forward exchange rate is an exchange rate that is quoted and traded today but for delivery and payment on a specific future date. In the retail currency exchange market, different buying and selling rates will be quoted by money dealers.
In 2009, India purchased 200 tonnes of gold from the International Monetary Fund, worth US$6.7bn (€4.57bn, £4.10bn). [15] In June 2020, India's foreign exchange reserves crossed the US$500 billion mark for the first time. [16] In June 2021, India's foreign exchange reserves crossed the US$600 billion mark for the first time. [17] [18]
Indian Islamic scholar, jurist, academic, freedom fighter in 1857 War of Independence. Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India. Abdulrahman al-Ansary, (b. 1935-d. 2023), Saudi Arabian archaeologist. Hamid Ansari is an Indian politician and retired Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officer who was the 12th vice president of India from 2007 to 2017. [5]
In 1993, UAE Exchange became a SWIFT member and over the following two years opened operations in Oman and Kuwait, as well as launching transfer, gold card, and banknote services. In 1999, it launched retail operations in India , which was to become the largest operation outside its home base, with 330 branches by 2015.
The India International Bullion Exchange (IIBX) is India's first bullion exchange, [1] launched on 29 July 2022 in Gujarat. [2] IIBX was launched in the GIFT International Financial Services Centre (IFSC). It is the 3rd exchange of its kind in the globe. [2]