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Guanidine exists protonated, as guanidinium, in solution at physiological pH. Guanidinium chloride (also known as guanidine hydrochloride) has chaotropic properties and is used to denature proteins. Guanidinium chloride is known to denature proteins with a linear relationship between concentration and free energy of unfolding.
The equilibrium is not complete because the acidity difference between guanidinium and water is not large. The approximate pK a values: 13.6 vs 15.7. Complete deprotonation should be done with extremely strong bases, such as lithium diisopropylamide. C(NH 2) + 3 Cl − + Li + N(C 3 H 7) − 2 → HNC(NH 2) 2 + HN(C 3 H 7) 2 + LiCl
Guanidinium thiocyanate can be used to deactivate a virus, such as the influenza virus that caused the 1918 "Spanish flu", so that it can be studied safely.. Guanidinium thiocyanate is also used to lyse cells and virus particles in RNA and DNA extractions, where its function, in addition to its lysing action, is to prevent activity of RNase enzymes and DNase enzymes by denaturing them.
The correct name of the method is guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. The use of TRIzol can result in DNA yields comparable to other extraction methods, and it leads to >50% bigger RNA yield. [5] [6] An alternative method for RNA extraction is phenol extraction and TCA/acetone precipitation. Chloroform should be exchanged with ...
The general structure of a guanidine Subcategories. This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. ... Guanidinium compounds (6 P) H ...
The guanidinium nitrate intermediate may also be produced via the Boatright–Mackay–Roberts (BMR) process, in which molten urea is reacted with molten ammonium nitrate in the presence of silica gel. [3] [4] This process had been commercialized because of its attractive economic features. 2 NH 2 CONH 2 + NH 4 NO 3 → [C(NH 2) 3]NO 3 + 2 NH 3 ...
Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction (abbreviated AGPC) is a liquid–liquid extraction technique in biochemistry and molecular biology. It is widely used for isolating RNA (as well as DNA and protein in some cases).
The term "biguanidine" often refers specifically to a class of drugs that function as oral antihyperglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. [4] Examples include: Metformin - widely used in treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2; Phenformin - withdrawn from the market in most countries due to toxic effects