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An early Hurrian royal inscription. Hurrians were among the inhabitants of parts of the Ancient Near East, [1] especially the north of the Fertile Crescent. [2] Their presence is attested from Cilicia in modern Turkey in the west, through the Amik Valley (), Aleppo (Halab) and the Euphrates valley in Syria, to the modern Kirkuk area in Iraq in the east. [3]
A relief of Hurrian deities Teššub and Ḫepat and their court from Yazılıkaya. The Hurrian pantheon consisted of gods of varied backgrounds, some of them natively Hurrian, while others adopted from other pantheons, [1] [2] for example Eblaite [3] and Mesopotamian. [4]
The Hurrians were first documented in the city of Urkesh, where they built their first kingdom. Their largest and most influential Hurrian kingdom was Mitanni. The population of the Hittite Empire in Anatolia included a large population of Hurrians, and there is significant Hurrian influence in Hittite mythology. [1]
Hurrian primeval deities were regarded as an early generation of gods in Hurrian mythology. A variety of Hurrian, Hittite and Akkadian labels could be used to refer to them. They were believed to inhabit the underworld, where they were seemingly confined by Teshub. Individual texts contain a variety of different listings of primeval deities ...
Kumarbi played a central role in Hurrian mythology. [23] Myths focused on him are known chiefly from the Bogazköy Archive, and most of them are preserved in Hittite translations. [27] However, as noted by Gary Beckman, their themes, such as conflict over kingship in heaven, reflect Hurrian, rather than Hittite, theology. [129]
As elsewhere in Hurrian mythology, he is portrayed as the king of the gods and as the lord of Kumme. [96] The Song of Release is known from multiple fragments of bilingual editions coupling the Hurrian original with a Hittite translation, prepared by scribes from Hattusa around 1400 BCE. [347]
Hurrian Alalu, who plays the role of the oldest king of gods in the Kumarbi Cycle, is the best known, and is commonly discussed in scholarship focused on comparative mythology but it is agreed Mesopotamian Alala represents the oldest tradition regarding this being.
Šimige was the Hurrian sun god.Known sources do not associate him with any specific location, but he is attested in documents from various settlements inhabited by the Hurrians, from Kizzuwatnean cities in modern Turkey, through Ugarit, Alalakh and Mari in Syria, to Nuzi, in antiquity a part of the kingdom of Arrapha in northeastern Iraq.