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Cognitive empathy is the ability to understand another's perspective or mental state. [32] [26] [33] The terms empathic accuracy, social cognition, perspective-taking, theory of mind, and mentalizing are often used synonymously, but due to a lack of studies comparing theory of mind with types of empathy, it is unclear whether these are ...
Theory of mind is the awareness that people have individual psychological states that differ from one another. [15] Within perspective-taking literature, the term perspective-taking and theory of mind are sometimes used interchangeably; some studies use theory of mind tasks in order to test if someone is engaging in perspective-taking. [16]
The theory features four types of emotion response (see § Emotion response types below), categorizes needs under "attachment" and "identity", specifies four types of emotional processing difficulties, delineates different types of empathy, has at least a dozen different task markers (see § Therapeutic tasks below), relies on two interactive ...
There is an impressive history of research suggesting that empathy, when activated, causes people to act in ways to benefit the other, such as receiving electric shocks for the other. [17] These findings have often been interpreted in terms of empathy causing increased altruistic motivation, which in turn causes helping behavior.
Social psychology explored how empathic accuracy relates to the concept of empathy in general. Social psychologists posit two main theories for how people empathize with others: simulation theory and theory theory. [8] In simulation theory, we understand another by putting ourselves in that other's state, simulating their experience.
An alternative account of theory of mind is given in operant psychology and provides empirical evidence for a functional account of both perspective-taking and empathy. The most developed operant approach is founded on research on derived relational responding [ jargon ] and is subsumed within relational frame theory .
The terms cognitive empathy and theory of mind are often used synonymously, but due to a lack of studies comparing theory of mind with types of empathy, it is unclear whether these are equivalent. [52] Notably, many reports on the empathic deficits of individuals with Asperger syndrome are actually based on impairments in theory of mind. [52 ...
Empathy gaps may occur due to a failure in the process of empathizing [1] or as a consequence of stable personality characteristics, [2] [3] [4] and may reflect either a lack of ability or motivation to empathize. Empathy gaps can be interpersonal (toward others) or intrapersonal (toward the self, e.g. when predicting one's own future preferences).