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The following table provides the reduction potentials of the indicated reducing agent at 25 °C. For example, among sodium (Na), chromium (Cr), cuprous (Cu +) and chloride (Cl −), it is Na that is the strongest reducing agent while Cl − is the weakest; said differently, Na + is the weakest oxidizing agent in this list while Cl is the strongest.
Antioxidants that are reducing agents can also act as pro-oxidants. For example, vitamin C has antioxidant activity when it reduces oxidizing substances such as hydrogen peroxide; [ 103 ] however, it will also reduce metal ions such as iron and copper [ 104 ] that generate free radicals through the Fenton reaction .
For example, the amino acid tyrosine could be protected as a benzyl ester on the carboxyl group, a fluorenylmethylenoxy carbamate on the amine group, and a tert-butyl ether on the phenol group. The benzyl ester can be removed by hydrogenolysis, the fluorenylmethylenoxy group (Fmoc) by bases (such as piperidine), and the phenolic tert -butyl ...
a strong base; deprotonates ketones and esters to generate enolate derivative Sodium borohydride: a versatile reducing agent; converts ketones and aldehydes to alcohols Sodium chlorite: in organic synthesis, used for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids Sodium hydride: a strong base used in organic synthesis Sodium hydroxide
The list of medications with antipyretic effects includes many common drugs that also have analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, several of which are commonly sold over-the-counter (OTC). NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), a broad class of medications that in addition to their defining effect of reducing inflammation, also tend ...
Anti-obesity medication or weight loss medications are pharmacological agents that reduce or control excess body fat. These medications alter one of the fundamental processes of the human body , weight regulation, by: reducing appetite and consequently energy intake , increasing energy expenditure , redirecting nutrients from adipose to lean ...
The main types of irritant and/or corrosive products are: acids, bases, oxidizers / reducing agents, solvents, and alkylants. Additionally, chemical burns can be caused by biological toxins (such as anthrax toxin) and by some types of cytotoxic chemical weapons, e.g., vesicants such as mustard gas and Lewisite, or urticants such as phosgene oxime.
The reason for the increased monodispersity when using NaBH 4 is that it is a stronger reducing agent than citrate. The impact of reducing agent strength can be seen by inspecting a LaMer diagram which describes the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles. [21] When silver nitrate (AgNO 3) is reduced by a weak reducing agent like citrate, the ...