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There are two important types: static cost-shifting (price discrimination), that is the ability to charge different prices to different customers. The other one is the dynamic cost-shifting , which means charging the maximal amount of money that the customer is able to pay (not necessarily the highest possible value, but the value that people ...
Price discrimination (differential pricing, [1] [2] equity pricing, preferential pricing, [3] dual pricing, [4] tiered pricing, [5] and surveillance pricing [6]) is a microeconomic pricing strategy where identical or largely similar goods or services are sold at different prices by the same provider to different buyers based on which market segment they are perceived to be part of.
The Global price level, as reported by the World Bank, is a way to compare the cost of living between different countries. It's measured using Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs), which help us understand how much money is needed to buy the same things in different places. Price level indexes (PLIs), with the world average set at 100, are ...
Supply chain as connected supply and demand curves. In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market.It postulates that, holding all else equal, the unit price for a particular good or other traded item in a perfectly competitive market, will vary until it settles at the market-clearing price, where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied ...
The total cost curve, if non-linear, can represent increasing and diminishing marginal returns.. The short-run total cost (SRTC) and long-run total cost (LRTC) curves are increasing in the quantity of output produced because producing more output requires more labor usage in both the short and long runs, and because in the long run producing more output involves using more of the physical ...
Cost-plus pricing is the most basic method of pricing. A store will simply charge consumers the cost required to produce a product plus a predetermined amount of profit. Cost-plus pricing is simple to execute, but it only considers internal information when setting the price and does not factor in external influencers like market reactions, the weather, or changes in consumer va
In addition to the absolute pass-through that uses incremental values (i.e., $2 cost shock causing $1 increase in price yields a 50% pass-through rate), some researchers use pass-through elasticity, where the ratio is calculated based on percentage change of price and cost (for example, with elasticity of 0.5, a 2% increase in cost yields a 1% increase in price).
Reduction in price increases the quantity demanded, but reduces payments by those who would be willing to pay a higher price: MR < P. Marginal cost (MC) relates to the firm's technical cost structure within production, and indicates the rise in total cost that must occur for an additional unit to be supplied to the market by the firm. [1]