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The most efficient method of industrial oil degassing is vacuum processing, which removes air and water solved in the oil. [6] This can be achieved by: spraying of oil in large vacuum chambers; distributing the oil into a thin layer over special surfaces (spiral rings, Raschig rings etc) in vacuum chambers.
Countercurrent distribution, therefore, is a method of using a series of vessels (separatory funnels) to separate compounds by a sequence of liquid-liquid extraction operations. Contrary to liquid-liquid extraction, in the CCD instruments the upper phase is decanted from the lower phase once the phases have settled.
There are generally two methods for removing carbon dioxide from the water sample: use of a reboiler to heat the sample and expel the CO 2, and use of inert gasses. In the latter method, an inert gas which does not contain CO 2 is passed through the sample water, whereby the gas components in the sample water are displaced by the gas components ...
Sonication can be used for the production of nanoparticles, such as nanoemulsions, [5] nanocrystals, liposomes and wax emulsions, as well as for wastewater purification, degassing, extraction of seaweed polysaccharides [1] and plant oil, extraction of anthocyanins and antioxidants, [6] production of biofuels, crude oil desulphurization, cell disruption, polymer and epoxy processing, adhesive ...
The McCabe–Thiele method is a technique that is commonly employed in the field of chemical engineering to model the separation of two substances by a distillation column. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It uses the fact that the composition at each theoretical tray is completely determined by the mole fraction of one of the two components.
Schematics of a typical falling-film column. In the most common case, the column contains one liquid stream and one gas stream. The liquid forms a thin film that covers the inner surface of the vessel; [1] the gas stream is normally injected from the bottom of the column, so the two fluids are subjected to a counter-current exchange of matter and heat, that happens through the gas-liquid ...
Elution principle of column chromatography. In analytical and organic chemistry, elution is the process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent: washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions, or eluting proteins or other biopolymers from a gel electrophoresis or chromatography column.
Martin and Synge initially attempted to devise a method of performing a sequential liquid-liquid extraction with serially connected glass vessels that functioned as separatory funnels. [1] The seminal article presenting their early studies described a rather complicated instrument that allowed partitioning of amino acids between water and ...