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The wire protocol may be either text-based or a binary protocol. Although an important architectural decision, this is a separate matter from the distinction between wire protocols and programmatic APIs. In electronics, a wire protocol is the mechanism used to transmit data from one point to another. [1]
The ARINC 429 unit of transmission is a fixed-length 32-bit frame, which the standard refers to as a 'word'. The bits within an ARINC 429 word are serially identified from Bit Number 1 to Bit Number 32 [4] or simply Bit 1 to Bit 32. The fields and data structures of the ARINC 429 word are defined in terms of this numbering.
Bit banging is a term of art that describes a method of digital data transmission as using general-purpose input/output (GPIO) instead of computer hardware that is intended specifically for data communication.' [1] Controlling software is responsible for satisfying protocol requirements including timing which can be challenging due to limited host system resources and competing demands on the ...
LRC is calculated as the sum of 8-bit values (excluding the start and end characters), negated (two's complement) and encoded as an 8-bit value. For example, if Address, Function, and Data are 247, 3, 19, 137, 0, and 10, the two's complement of their sum (416) is −416; this trimmed to 8 bits is 96 (256 × 2 − 416 = 60 16), giving the ...
64-bit memory addressing is also added, but is only permitted when there is no equivalent 32-bit address. [ 30 ] The Intel Z170 chipset can be configured to implement either this bus or a variant of the LPC bus that is missing its ISA-style DMA capability and is underclocked to 24 MHz instead of the standard 33 MHz.
CubeSat Space Protocol (CSP) is a small network-layer delivery protocol designed for CubeSats. [citation needed] The idea was developed by a group of students from Aalborg University in 2008, and further developed for the AAUSAT3 CubeSat mission that was launched in 2013. The protocol is based on a 32-bit header containing both network and ...
The image below exemplifies many of the protocol and physical layer concepts explained above. For example, the RT address contained in the Command Word has a value of 0x3 (in range of 0 to 31). The sixth bit is 1, indicating a Transmit from the RT. The sub-address is 0x01.
Wishbone is defined to have 8, 16, 32, and 64-bit buses. All signals are synchronous to a single clock but some slave responses must be generated combinatorially for maximum performance. Wishbone permits addition of a "tag bus" to describe the data.