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UDH uses space intended for the message payload. The longer the UDH, the less space remains for the message text or other contents. When TP-UD contains seven-bit data, the length of TP-UD is given in septets (but UDHL is still in octets, so length in septets is (UDHL + 1) * 8 / 7) and the UDH is filled to a septet boundary with 0-6 zero bits.
GSM 03.40 or 3GPP TS 23.040 is a mobile telephony standard describing the format of the Transfer Protocol Data Units (TPDU) part of the Short Message Transfer Protocol (SM-TP) used in the GSM networks to carry Short Messages. [1]
In technical terms, the concatenated SMS could also be referred to as a PDU Mode SMS [dubious – discuss].The number of parts that a multi-part or PDU mode SMS message may contain depends technically upon a header message but mostly upon the device sending or receiving the SMS and also upon the service provider.
Data Coding Scheme is a one-octet field in Short Messages (SM) and Cell Broadcast Messages (CB) which carries a basic information how the recipient handset should process the received message. The information includes: the character set or message coding, which determines the encoding of the message user data
For example, in the IP suite, the contents of a web page are encapsulated with an HTTP header, then by a TCP header, an IP header, and, finally, by a frame header and trailer. The frame is forwarded to the destination node as a stream of bits , where it is decapsulated into the respective PDUs and interpreted at each layer by the receiving node.
The user data transported can be packets in any of IPv4, IPv6, or PPP formats. GTP' ( GTP prime ) uses the same message structure as GTP-C and GTP-U, but has an independent function. It can be used for carrying charging data from the charging data function (CDF) of the GSM or UMTS network to the charging gateway function (CGF).
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The form of encoding used to safely transfer the entity to the user. Currently defined methods are: chunked, compress, deflate, gzip, identity. Must not be used with HTTP/2. [14] Transfer-Encoding: chunked: Permanent RFC 9110: User-Agent: The user agent string of the user agent. User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:12.0) Gecko ...