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  2. Variational method (quantum mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational_method...

    In quantum mechanics, the variational method is one way of finding approximations to the lowest energy eigenstate or ground state, and some excited states. This allows calculating approximate wavefunctions such as molecular orbitals. [1] The basis for this method is the variational principle. [2] [3]

  3. Scrabble variants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrabble_variants

    For example, MPORCTEU is a valid play in Clabbers because it is an anagram of COMPUTER. The increased ability to play parallel to pre-existing words makes for much higher scores. A variant of this is Multi-Anagram Clabbers, in which players receive the basic score for any set of letters played multiplied by the number of valid anagrams for that ...

  4. Variational principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational_principle

    The Rayleigh–Ritz method for solving boundary-value problems in elasticity and wave propagation; Fermat's principle in geometrical optics; Hamilton's principle in classical mechanics; Maupertuis' principle in classical mechanics; The principle of least action in mechanics, electromagnetic theory, and quantum mechanics; The variational method ...

  5. Competitive programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_programming

    LeetCode: LeetCode has over 2,300 questions covering many different programming concepts and offers weekly and bi-weekly contests. The programming tasks are offered in English and Chinese. Project Euler [18] Large collection of computational math problems (i.e. not directly related to programming but often requiring programming skills for ...

  6. Calculus of variations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_of_Variations

    The calculus of variations began with the work of Isaac Newton, such as with Newton's minimal resistance problem, which he formulated and solved in 1685, and later published in his Principia in 1687, [2] which was the first problem in the field to be formulated and correctly solved, [2] and was also one of the most difficult problems tackled by variational methods prior to the twentieth century.

  7. Direct method in the calculus of variations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_method_in_the...

    In mathematics, the direct method in the calculus of variations is a general method for constructing a proof of the existence of a minimizer for a given functional, [1] introduced by Stanisław Zaremba and David Hilbert around 1900. The method relies on methods of functional analysis and topology. As well as being used to prove the existence of ...

  8. Sweep line algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweep_line_algorithm

    Animation of Fortune's algorithm, a sweep line technique for constructing Voronoi diagrams.. In computational geometry, a sweep line algorithm or plane sweep algorithm is an algorithmic paradigm that uses a conceptual sweep line or sweep surface to solve various problems in Euclidean space.

  9. Algorithms for calculating variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_for_calculating...

    Algorithms for calculating variance play a major role in computational statistics.A key difficulty in the design of good algorithms for this problem is that formulas for the variance may involve sums of squares, which can lead to numerical instability as well as to arithmetic overflow when dealing with large values.