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  2. List of loanwords in Malay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_loanwords_in_Malay

    Malay as spoken in Malaysia (Bahasa Melayu) and Singapore, meanwhile, have more borrowings from English. [1] There are some words in Malay which are spelled exactly the same as the loan language, e.g. in English – museum (Indonesian), hospital (Malaysian), format, hotel, transit etc.

  3. Kalingga kingdom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalingga_Kingdom

    Kalingga (Javanese: Karajan Kalingga; Chinese: 訶陵; pinyin: Hēlíng; Middle Chinese: [hɑ.lɨŋ]) or She-po or She-bo (Chinese: 闍婆; pinyin: Shépó; Middle Chinese: [d͡ʑia.buɑ]) in Chinese sources, [1] or Ho-ling in Arabic scriptures of Umayyad Caliphate era; [2] was a 6th-century Indianized kingdom [broken anchor] on the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia.

  4. Malaysian Mandarin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Mandarin

    Malaysian Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 马来西亚华语; traditional Chinese: 馬來西亞華語; pinyin: Mǎláixīyà Huáyǔ) is a variety of the Chinese language spoken in Malaysia by ethnic Chinese residents. It is currently the primary language used by the Malaysian Chinese community [1]

  5. Bali Kingdom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Kingdom

    The VOC left the Bali trade to private traders, mainly Chinese, Arab, Bugis and occasionally Dutch, who mainly dealt with opium and slave trade. Dewa Agung of Klungkung in 1908. However, the Dutch indifference to Bali totally changed in the 19th century, as Dutch colonial control expanded across the Indonesian archipelago and they began to ...

  6. Kedahan Malays - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedahan_Malays

    A Kedahan Malay man and his son standing in front of a decorated vehicle in Alor Setar, Kedah, 1937.. The early history of Kedah can be traced from various sources, from the prehistoric period, archaeological site of Bujang Valley, early maritime trade of India, Persia, and the Arabs to the written works of early Chinese pilgrims and early Chinese records.

  7. Adat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adat

    In the Malay states of Southeast Asia, the Malay community may be classified formally and historically into two different groups: one following Adat temenggung and the other, Adat perpatih. Adat temenggung (customs or rules of Temenggung ) is the most common form of adat, which is patrilineal and more pervasive, and it can be found in the ...

  8. Samudera Pasai Sultanate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate

    The Hongwu Emperor of China's Ming dynasty listed Samudera in his admonition the Huang-Ming Zuxun as one of 14 countries which the Ming should not launch a military campaign against. [11] By the end of the 14th century, Samudra-Pasai had become a wealthy commercial centre, giving way in the early 15th century to the better protected harbour of ...

  9. Majapahit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit

    By 1430, the expeditions had established Muslim Chinese, Arab and Malay communities in northern ports of Java such as Semarang, Demak, Tuban, and Ampel; thus Islam began to gain a foothold on the northern coast of Java. Malacca prospered under Chinese Ming protection, while the Majapahit were steadily pushed back. [68]