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Extra-intestinal masses such as other malignancies can also lead to constipation from external compression. [32] Constipation also has neurological causes, including anismus, descending perineum syndrome, desmosis and Hirschsprung's disease. [7] In infants, Hirschsprung's disease is the most common medical disorder associated with constipation.
The enteric nervous system directly controls the gut motility, whereas the extrinsic nerve pathways influence gut contractility indirectly through modifying this enteric innervation. [3] In almost all cases of neurogenic bowel dysfunction it is the extrinsic nervous supply affected and the enteric nervous supply remains intact.
Obstructed defecation syndrome (abbreviated as ODS, with many synonymous terms) is a major cause of functional constipation (primary constipation), [19] of which it is considered a subtype. [20] It is characterized by difficult and/or incomplete emptying of the rectum with or without an actual reduction in the number of bowel movements per week ...
Conservative treatment involves insertion of a nasogastric tube, correction of dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities. Opioid pain relievers may be used for patients with severe pain but alternate pain relievers are preferred as opioids can decrease bowel motility. [38] Antiemetics may be administered if the patient is vomiting. Adhesive ...
Patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction that involves the small bowel commonly present with symptoms such as constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. [6] Diarrhea may result from bacterial overgrowth brought on by small bowel dysmotility-induced stasis.
The treatment of fecal impaction requires both the remedy of the impaction and treatment to prevent recurrences. Decreased motility of the colon results in dry, hard stools that in the case of fecal impaction become compacted into a large, hard mass of stool that cannot be expelled from the rectum. [citation needed]
Anismus is classified as a functional defecation disorder. It is also a type of rectal outlet obstruction (a functional outlet obstruction). Where anismus causes constipation, it is an example of functional constipation. Many authors describe an "obstructed defecation syndrome", of which anismus is a cause. [24]
Gastrointestinal motility disorders occur when the digestive tract, especially its muscles or nerves, malfunctions. They are sometimes treated by physicians with subspecialty training in neurogastroenterology.