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Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium (K +) in the blood. [6] [1] Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels above 5.5 mmol/L defined as hyperkalemia. [3] [4] Typically hyperkalemia does not cause symptoms. [1] Occasionally when severe it can cause palpitations, muscle pain, muscle weakness ...
Electrolyte disturbances are involved in many disease processes and are an important part of patient management in medicine. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The causes, severity, treatment, and outcomes of these disturbances can differ greatly depending on the implicated electrolyte. [ 3 ]
Hence, British guidelines append the letter "P" to the stage of chronic kidney disease if protein loss is significant. [63] Stage 1: Slightly diminished function; kidney damage with normal or relatively high GFR (≥90 mL/min/1.73 m 2) and persistent albuminuria. Kidney damage is defined as pathological abnormalities or markers of damage ...
CASPIR – The CDC and ATSDR Specimen Packaging, Inventory and Repository (CASPIR), was established as a centralized resource to preserve CDC's valuable specimens and to provide ongoing specimen management support for CDC programs. The biorepository holds over 6.5 million samples. [4] CLIAC - Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act Committee
Overdoses cause hyperkalemia, which can lead to paresthesia, cardiac conduction blocks, fibrillation, arrhythmias, and sclerosis. [ 13 ] Because of the risk of small-bowel lesions, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires some potassium salts containing more than 99 mg (about 1.3 mEq) to be labeled with a warning, [ 14 ] while ...
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On their own this group of drugs may raise potassium levels beyond the normal range, termed hyperkalemia, which risks potentially fatal arrhythmias. Triamterene, specifically, is a potential nephrotoxin and up to half of the patients on it can have crystalluria or urinary casts.
However, if hyperkalemia causes any ECG change it is considered a medical emergency [12] due to a risk of potentially fatal abnormal heart rhythms and is treated urgently. [12] Potassium levels greater than 6.5 to 7.0 mmol/L in the absence of ECG changes are managed aggressively. [12] Several approaches are used to treat hyperkalemia. [12]