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Thorn or þorn (Þ, þ) is a letter in the Old English, Old Norse, Old Swedish and modern Icelandic alphabets, as well as modern transliterations of the Gothic alphabet, Middle Scots, and some dialects of Middle English. It was also used in medieval Scandinavia but was later replaced with the digraph th, except in Iceland, where it survives.
Anglo-Saxon runes or Anglo-Frisian runes are runes that were used by the Anglo-Saxons and Medieval Frisians (collectively called Anglo-Frisians) as an alphabet in their native writing system, recording both Old English and Old Frisian (Old English: rūna, ᚱᚢᚾᚪ, "rune").
In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem it is called thorn, whence the name of the letter þ derived. It is transliterated as þ , and has the sound value of a voiceless dental fricative /θ/ (the English sound of th as in thing ).
Old English (Englisc or Ænglisc, pronounced [ˈeŋɡliʃ] or [ˈæŋɡliʃ]), or Anglo-Saxon, [1] was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages.
This was used until the end of the 12th century when continental Carolingian minuscule replaced the Insular, along with a shift in spelling conventions toward the Old French alphabet, leading to Middle English. The letter eth ð was an alteration of Latin d , and the runic letters thorn þ and wynn ƿ are
The standard was intended for the common North Germanic language Old Norse. It did not have much influence, however, at the time. The most defining characteristics of the alphabet were established in the old treatise: Use of the acute accent (originally to signify vowel length). Use of þ , also used in the Old English alphabet as the letter thorn.
The use of the term ye to mean "the" derives from Early Modern English, in which the was written þe, employing the Old English letter thorn, þ . During the Tudor period, the scribal abbreviation for þe was þͤ or þᵉ ; here, the letter þ is combined with the letter e . [2]
Eth (/ ɛ ð / edh, uppercase: Ð , lowercase: ð ; also spelled edh or eð), known as ðæt in Old English, [1] is a letter used in Old English, Middle English, Icelandic, Faroese (in which it is called edd), and Elfdalian. It was also used in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages, but was subsequently replaced with dh , and later d .