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Estimates of the heritability of schizophrenia are between 70% and 80%, which implies that 70% to 80% of the individual differences in risk of schizophrenia are associated with genetics. [ 21 ] [ 84 ] These estimates vary because of the difficulty in separating genetic and environmental influences, and their accuracy has been queried.
Research has shown that schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder and that genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia is highly multifactorial, caused by the interactions of several genes with environmental risk factors. [2] Twin studies have shown that an identical twin has ~50% risk of also developing the disorder. [14]
All four of the sisters developed schizophrenia by the age of 24. [2] There was a history of mental illness in Mr. Genain's family that might have been an example of genetics being linked with mental illness or it may have just been a dysfunctional and abusive family free from a specific genetic component.
If possible to test for schizophrenia before the symptoms develop, proactive interventions could be developed, or even preventative treatments. [7] In one study, 100% of patients with bipolar disorder indicated that they would probably take a genetic test to determine they were carrying a gene associated with the disorder, if such a test ...
Schizophrenia is a debilitating and often misunderstood disorder that affects up to 1% of the world's population. [1] Although schizophrenia is a heavily studied disorder, it has remained largely impervious to scientific understanding; epigenetics offers a new avenue for research, understanding, and treatment.
Risk factors for mental illness include psychological trauma, adverse childhood experiences, genetic predisposition, and personality traits. [7] [8] Correlations between mental disorders and substance use are also found to have a two way relationship, in that substance use can lead to the development of mental disorders and having mental disorders can lead to substance use/abuse.
Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia involve disturbances in executive functions, working memory impairment, and inability to sustain attention. [1] Given the high numbers of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (nearly 1% of modern-day populations), it is unlikely that the disorder has arisen solely from random mutations. [2]
The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
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