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Acoustic trauma is the sustainment of an injury to the eardrum as a result of a very loud noise. Its scope usually covers loud noises with a short duration, such as an explosion, gunshot or a burst of loud shouting. Quieter sounds that are concentrated in a narrow frequency may also cause damage to specific frequency receptors. [1]
The U.S. Department of Defense has established criteria for equipment that produces impulse noise at levels above 140 dB peak SPL and requires hearing protection be worn to prevent damage human ears. [4] An impulse noise filter can enhance the quality of noisy signals to achieve robustness in pattern recognition and adaptive control systems.
By including a 2 dBA margin of safety which reduces the 8-hr exposure allowance to 80 dBA, the study estimated a hearing change of 2.1 dB or less in 99% of children. To preserve the hearing from birth until the age of 18 years, it was recommended that noise exposures be limited to 75 dBA over a 24-hour period. [45]
OSHA states that an employer must implement hearing conservation programs for employees if the noise level of the workplace is equal to or above 85 dB(A) for an averaged eight-hour time period. [57] OSHA also states that "exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not exceed 140 dB peak sound pressure level". [31]
Boomerang, a gunfire locator, being used by British forces in Afghanistan Shooting Detector Diagram. A gunfire locator or gunshot detection system is a system that detects and conveys the location of gunfire or other weapon fire using acoustic, vibration, optical, or potentially other types of sensors, as well as a combination of such sensors.
The day-night average sound level (Ldn or DNL) is the average noise level over a 24-hour period. The noise level measurements between the hours of 22:00 and 07:00 are artificially increased by 10 dB before averaging. This noise is weighted to take into account the decrease in community background noise of 10 dB during this period.
Audiogram. An audiogram is a graph that shows the audible threshold for standardized frequencies as measured by an audiometer.The Y axis represents intensity measured in decibels (dB) and the X axis represents frequency measured in hertz (Hz). [1]
The current PEL for OSHA standards are based on a 5 decibel exchange rate. OSHA's PEL for noise exposure is 90 decibels (dBA) for an 8-hour TWA. Levels of 90-140 dBA are included in the noise dose. [4] PEL can also be expressed as 100 percent “dose” for noise exposure. When the noise exposure increases by 5 dB, the exposure time is cut in ...