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Doppler measurements using Doppler effect can show the direction of the blood flow and its relative velocity, and color Doppler is the provision of color to help interpret the image, showing, for example, the blood flow toward the probe in one color and that flowing away in another. While the equipment itself is costly, the procedure is not.
Echocardiography, also known as cardiac ultrasound, is the use of ultrasound to examine the heart. It is a type of medical imaging, using standard ultrasound or Doppler ultrasound. [1] The visual image formed using this technique is called an echocardiogram, a cardiac echo, or simply an echo.
A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is the most common type of echocardiogram, which is a still or moving image of the internal parts of the heart using ultrasound. In this case, the probe (or ultrasonic transducer ) is placed on the chest or abdomen of the subject to get various views of the heart.
Wiggers diagram with mechanical (echo), electrical (ECG), and aortic pressure (catheter) waveforms, together with an in-ear dynamic pressure waveform measured using a novel infrasonic hemodynography technology, for a patient with severe aortic stenosis.
Doppler echocardiography is a procedure that uses Doppler ultrasonography to examine the heart. [1] An echocardiogram uses high frequency sound waves to create an image of the heart while the use of Doppler technology allows determination of the speed and direction of blood flow by utilizing the Doppler effect .
A bubble echocardiogram is an extension of this that uses simple air bubbles as a contrast medium during this study and often has to be requested specifically. Although colour Doppler can be used to detect abnormal flows between the chambers of the heart (e.g., persistent (patent) foramen ovale ), it has a limited sensitivity .
In the fields of cardiology and medical imaging, speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is an echocardiographic imaging technique. It analyzes the motion of tissues in the heart by using the naturally occurring speckle pattern in the myocardium (or motion of blood when imaged by ultrasound ).
The use of ICE is specialized and not intended for general echocardiography due to its cost and invasiveness. [1] [2] It is used as a part of a larger heart procedure. A typical use of ICE is for performing a transseptal puncture across the interatrial septum; in other words, pushing a catheter from the right atrium to the left atrium.
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