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The .45-70 (11.6x53mmR), also known as the .45-70 Government, .45-70 Springfield, and .45-2 1 ⁄ 10" Sharps, is a .45 caliber rifle cartridge originally holding 70 grains of black powder that was developed at the U.S. Army's Springfield Armory for use in the Springfield Model 1873.
.50-70 Government United States: 1871 Springfield model 1873: Springfield Armory.45-70 United States: 1873 Springfield Model 1875: Springfield Armory.45-70 United States: 1875 Springfield Model 1877: Springfield Armory.45-70 United States: 1877 Springfield model 1880: Springfield Armory.45-70 United States: 1880 Springfield Model 1882 ...
Hunting Rifle: Place of origin: United States: Buffalo rifle generally refers to large-calibre, ... .45-70.50-70 Government.50-90 Sharps; Long rifle; References
Derived from the .50-60-400 Joslyn, the cartridge was developed after the unsatisfactory results of the .58 rimfire cartridge for the Springfield Model 1865 rifle. The .50-70 Government cartridge used the Benét internal center-fire primer design and became the official cartridge of the U.S. military in 1866 until being replaced by the .45-70 Government in 1873.
The Thompson/Center Contender is a break-action single-shot pistol or rifle that was introduced in 1967 by Thompson/Center Arms. It can be chambered in cartridges from .17 Bumble Bee to .45-70 Government.
Winchester also produced a civilian sporting version of the Hotchkiss, likewise in caliber .45-70 Government, until 1899. 1884 Winchester catalog lists an option to chamber the M1883 in ".40-65 Hotchkiss" cartridge (which may or may not be .40-65 Winchester introduced in 1887), but it's not clear if this variant was ever actually produced.
According to the US Army Ordnance Department tests, the 45-70-405 was loaded to 19,000 psi, [4] while the 45-70-500 was loaded to 25,000 psi [2] The average accuracy of the Springfield Model 1873 was a circle with an average radius of 1.7 inches at 100 yards, corresponding to an ~3.4 MOA.
All are chambered for the .45/70 caliber except for the "M" (.450) Introduced in the 1970s, based on the Model 336 and named after the original 1895. Marlin Model 1895 Square bolt. The original rifle introduced in 1895, based on the 1893 action but scaled up for larger cartridges such as 45-70 and 45-90 to replace the Model 1881.