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  2. Scale-invariant feature transform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale-invariant_feature...

    Alternative methods for scale-invariant object recognition under clutter / partial occlusion include the following. RIFT [38] is a rotation-invariant generalization of SIFT. The RIFT descriptor is constructed using circular normalized patches divided into concentric rings of equal width and within each ring a gradient orientation histogram is ...

  3. Scale invariance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_invariance

    A consequence of scale invariance is that given a solution of a scale-invariant field equation, we can automatically find other solutions by rescaling both the coordinates and the fields appropriately. In technical terms, given a solution, φ(x), one always has other solutions of the form

  4. Self-similarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-similarity

    Scale invariance is an exact form of self-similarity where at any magnification there is a smaller piece of the object that is similar to the whole. For instance, a side of the Koch snowflake is both symmetrical and scale-invariant; it can be continually magnified 3x without changing shape. The non-trivial similarity evident in fractals is ...

  5. Feature engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_engineering

    An example is Multi-view Classification based on Consensus Matrix Decomposition (MCMD), [2] which mines a common clustering scheme across multiple datasets. MCMD is designed to output two types of class labels (scale-variant and scale-invariant clustering), and: is computationally robust to missing information, can obtain shape- and scale-based ...

  6. Normalization (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_(statistics)

    In the simplest cases, normalization of ratings means adjusting values measured on different scales to a notionally common scale, often prior to averaging. In more complicated cases, normalization may refer to more sophisticated adjustments where the intention is to bring the entire probability distributions of adjusted values into alignment.

  7. Item response theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Item_response_theory

    As with any use of mathematical models, it is important to assess the fit of the data to the model. If item misfit with any model is diagnosed as due to poor item quality, for example confusing distractors in a multiple-choice test, then the items may be removed from that test form and rewritten or replaced in future test forms.

  8. Renormalization group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renormalization_group

    A change in scale is called a scale transformation. The renormalization group is intimately related to scale invariance and conformal invariance, symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (self-similarity), [a] where under the fixed point of the renormalization group flow the field theory is conformally invariant.

  9. Scale-invariant feature operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale-invariant_feature...

    The scale-invariant feature operator (SFOP) is based on two theoretical concepts: spiral model [2] feature operator [3] Desired properties of keypoint detectors: Invariance and repeatability for object recognition; Accuracy to support camera calibration; Interpretability: Especially corners and circles, should be part of the detected keypoints ...