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This bleeding often starts mildly and may increase as the area of placental separation increases. Placenta praevia should be suspected if there is bleeding after 24 weeks of gestation. Bleeding after delivery occurs in about 22% of those affected. [2] Women may also present as a case of failure of engagement of fetal head. [10]
Placenta previa is a condition that occurs when the placenta fully or partially covers the cervix. [13] Placenta previa can be further categorized into complete previa, partial previa, marginal previa, and low-lying placenta, depending on the degree to which the placenta covers the internal cervical os.
Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder specific to pregnancy, characterized by the new onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine or by the new onset of high blood pressure along with significant end-organ damage, with or without the proteinuria.
The diagnostic criterion for pre-eclampsia is high blood pressure, occurring after 20 weeks gestation or during the second half of pregnancy. [1] Most often it occurs during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and may occur before, during, or after delivery. [1] The seizures are of the tonic–clonic type and typically last about a minute. [1]
In a separate case study reported in 2017, a woman at about 35 weeks of gestation presented with preeclampsia and intrauterine fetal demise, or more commonly known as stillbirth. After delivery of the stillborn fetus, examination of the placenta revealed a circumvallate placenta with battledore insertion of the umbilical cord.
[20] [21] The mother may also experience vaginal bleeding, particularly in the third trimester. [11] Women with velamentous cord insertion may not experience any symptoms throughout pregnancy. [ 16 ] During delivery, there may be slow or abnormal fetal heart rate patterns [ 3 ] [ 10 ] [ 19 ] and there may be excessive bleeding or hemorrhage ...
It gives an accurate risk profile very early. A second blood screen at 15 to 20 weeks refines the risk more accurately. [13] The cost is higher than an "AFP-quad" screen due to the ultrasound and second blood test, but it is quoted to have a 93% pick up rate as opposed to 88% for the standard AFP/QS.
Maternal age: pregnant women who are younger than 20 or older than 35 are at greater risk; Risk factors for placental abruption include disease, trauma, history, anatomy, and exposure to substances. The risk of placental abruption increases sixfold after severe maternal trauma.