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A late Babylonian version of the epic mentions 600 Anunnaki of the underworld, [2] but only 300 Anunnaki of heaven, [2] indicating the existence of a complex underworld cosmology. [2] In gratitude, the Anunnaki, the "Great Gods", build Esagila, a "splendid" temple dedicated to Marduk, Ea, and Ellil. [51]
Unambiguous references to Anunnaki as chthonic come from Hurrian (rather than Mesopotamian) sources, in which the term was applied to a class of distinct, Hurrian, gods instead. [28] Anunnaki are chiefly mentioned in literary texts [24] and very little evidence to support the existence of any distinct cult of them has yet been unearthed [29 ...
Enki (Sumerian: πππ D EN-KI) is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (), crafts (gašam), and creation (nudimmud), and one of the Anunnaki.He was later known as Ea (Akkadian: πππ) or Ae [5] in Akkadian (Assyrian-Babylonian) religion, and is identified by some scholars with Ia in Canaanite religion.
Ancient Sumerian cylinder seal impression showing the god Dumuzid being tortured in the underworld by galla demons. The ancient Mesopotamian underworld (known in Sumerian as Kur, Irkalla, Kukku, Arali, or Kigal, and in Akkadian as ErαΉ£etu), was the lowermost part of the ancient near eastern cosmos, roughly parallel to the region known as Tartarus from early Greek cosmology.
[16]: 184 The gatekeeper of the underworld was the god Neti. [ 16 ] : 184 Nammu was a goddess representing the primeval waters (Engur), who gave birth to An (heaven) and Ki (earth) and the first deities; while she is rarely attested as an object of cult, she likely played a central role in the early cosmogony of Eridu, and in later periods ...
The Anunnaki are captured, [88] but Marduk appoints his front-runner Mushteshirhablim to lead a revolt against the gods of Eshumesha [89] and sends his messenger Neretagmil to alert Nabu, the god of literacy. [89] When the Eshumesha gods hear Nabu speak, they come out of their temple to search for him. [90]
Lower Earth, the Mesopotamian underworld, was where the 600 Anunnaki gods lived, associated with the land of the dead ruled by Nergal. As for the heavens: the highest level was populated by 300 Igigi (great gods), the middle heaven belonged to the Igigi and also contained Marduk's throne, and the lower heaven was where the stars and ...
Akkadian Paradise is described as a garden in the myth of Atrahasis where lower rank deities (the Igigi) are put to work digging a watercourse by the more senior deities (the Anunnaki). [3] When the gods, man-like, Bore the labour, carried the load, The gods' load was great, The toil grievous, the trouble excessive. The great Anunnaku, the Seven,