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A disk cipher device of the Jefferson type from the 2nd quarter of the 19th century in the National Cryptologic Museum. The Jefferson disk, also called the Bazeries cylinder or wheel cypher, [1] was a cipher system commonly attributed to Thomas Jefferson that uses a set of wheels or disks, each with letters of the alphabet arranged around their edge in an order, which is different for each ...
Cipher disks had many small variations on the basic design. Instead of letters it would occasionally use combinations of numbers on the outer disk with each combination corresponding to a letter. To make the encryption especially hard to crack, the advanced cipher disk would only use combinations of two numbers.
The German Lorenz SZ 42 cipher machine contained 12 pinwheels, with a total of 501 pins. In cryptography, a pinwheel was a device for producing a short pseudorandom sequence of bits (determined by the machine's initial settings), as a component in a cipher machine. A pinwheel consisted of a rotating wheel with a certain number of positions on ...
To decrypt, the wheels were turned until one line matched a 25 letter block of ciphertext. The plaintext would then appear on one of the other lines, which could be visually located easily, as it would be the only one likely to "read." A wheel cipher being used to encode the phrase "ATTACK AT DAWN." One possible ciphertext is "CMWD SMXX KEIL."
In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet .
The slow, left-hand wheel was made stationary during operation while the second wheel stepped with every key stroke. The third wheel and the UKW would step in the normal fashion with Enigma stepping for the third wheel. The stationary but rotatable left-hand wheel was meant to make up for the missing stecker connections on the commercial machine.
The Alberti Cipher disk. The Alberti Cipher, created in 1467 by Italian architect Leon Battista Alberti, was one of the first polyalphabetic ciphers. [1] In the opening pages of his treatise De componendis cifris [] he explained how his conversation with the papal secretary Leonardo Dati about a recently developed movable type printing press led to the development of his cipher wheel.
The Chaocipher [1] is a cipher method invented by John Francis Byrne in 1918 and described in his 1953 autobiographical Silent Years. [2] He believed Chaocipher was simple, yet unbreakable. Byrne stated that the machine he used to encipher his messages could be fitted into a cigar box. He offered cash rewards for anyone who could solve it.