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  2. Carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon

    Carbon (from Latin carbo ' coal ') is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 electrons. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. [13] Carbon makes up about 0.025 percent of Earth's ...

  3. Carbon group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_group

    The carbon group is a periodic table group consisting of carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and flerovium (Fl). It lies within the p-block. In modern IUPAC notation, it is called group 14. In the field of semiconductor physics, it is still universally called group IV.

  4. Periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

    The periodic table, ... Carbon 6 C 12.011: Nitro­gen 7 ... [50] and the order can shift slightly with atomic number [51] and atomic charge. [52] [h]

  5. List of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements

    The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements, ... Carbon [q] 14 2 p-block 12.011: 2.267 >4000: 4300: 0.709: 2.55: 200 ...

  6. Group (periodic table) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)

    In the periodic table of the elements, each column is a group. In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) [1] is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the 14 f-block columns, between groups 2 and 3, are not numbered.

  7. List of chemistry mnemonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemistry_mnemonics

    Number of consonants denotes number of oxygen atoms. Number of vowels denotes negative charge quantity. Inclusion of the word "ate" signifies that each ends with the letters a-t-e. To use this for the -ite ions, simply subtract one oxygen but keep the charge the same.

  8. Valence electron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_electron

    The number of valence electrons of an element can be determined by the periodic table group (vertical column) in which the element is categorized. In groups 1–12, the group number matches the number of valence electrons; in groups 13–18, the units digit of the group number matches the number of valence electrons.

  9. Effective nuclear charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_nuclear_charge

    The nuclear charge; oxidation number; The screening effect of the inner shells; The extent to which the outermost electron penetrates into the charge cloud set up by the inner lying electron; In the periodic table, effective nuclear charge decreases down a group and increases left to right across a period.