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This glossary of chemistry terms is a list of terms and definitions relevant to chemistry, including chemical laws, diagrams and formulae, laboratory tools, glassware, and equipment. Chemistry is a physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter , as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions ...
Clausius developed this in his efforts to explain entropy and define it quantitatively. In more direct terms, the theorem gives us a way to determine if a cyclical process is reversible or irreversible. The Clausius theorem provides a quantitative formula for understanding the second law.
Gender inequality, unequal treatment or perceptions due to gender; Racial inequality, social distinctions between racial and ethnic groups within a society; Health inequality, differences in the quality of health and healthcare across populations; Educational inequality, the unequal distribution of academic resources
In mathematics, an inequation is a statement that either an inequality (relations "greater than" and "less than", < and >) or a relation "not equal to" (≠) holds between two values. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is usually written in the form of a pair of expressions denoting the values in question, with a relational sign between the two sides , indicating ...
Markov's inequality (and other similar inequalities) relate probabilities to expectations, and provide (frequently loose but still useful) bounds for the cumulative distribution function of a random variable. Markov's inequality can also be used to upper bound the expectation of a non-negative random variable in terms of its distribution function.
The second and third lines define two constraints, the first of which is an inequality constraint and the second of which is an equality constraint. These two constraints are hard constraints, meaning that it is required that they be satisfied; they define the feasible set of candidate solutions.
Equal masses of iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) react to form iron sulfide (FeS), but because of its higher atomic weight, iron is the limiting reagent and once all the iron is consumed some sulfur remains unreacted
In physical chemistry and chemical engineering, extent of reaction is a quantity that measures the extent to which the reaction has proceeded. Often, it refers specifically to the value of the extent of reaction when equilibrium has been reached.