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Example of saponification reaction of a triglyceride molecule (left) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) yielding glycerol (purple) and salts of fatty acids ().. Saponification value or saponification number (SV or SN) represents the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) required to saponify one gram of fat under the conditions specified.
In this example, the surfactant molecules' oil-soluble tails project into the oil (blue), while the water-soluble ends remain in contact with the water phase (red). Surfactants are chemical compounds that decrease the surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids, a liquid and a gas, or a liquid and a solid.
Soy lecithin for sale at a grocery store in Uruguay. Lecithins have emulsification and lubricant properties, and are a surfactant. They can be completely metabolized (see inositol) by humans, so are well tolerated by humans and nontoxic when ingested. The major components of commercial soybean-derived lecithin are: [13] 33–35% soybean oil
It is one of the most frequently-used surfactants of this type. [4] Like other amine oxide–based surfactants it is antimicrobial, being effective against common bacteria such as S. aureus and E. coli, [1] however, it is also non-denaturing and can thus be used for protein purification. At high concentrations, LDAO forms liquid crystalline ...
A foaming agent is a material such as a surfactant or a blowing agent that facilitates the formation of foam.A surfactant, when present in small amounts, reduces surface tension of a liquid (reduces the work needed to create the foam) or increases its colloidal stability by inhibiting coalescence of bubbles. [1]
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A soap substitute is a natural or synthetic cleaning product used in place of soap or other detergents, typically to reduce environmental impact or health harms or provide other benefits. Traditionally, soap has been made from animal or plant derived fats and has been used by humans for cleaning purposes for several thousand years. [ 1 ]
Pepper is sprinkled onto the surface of the water in the left dish; when a droplet of soap is added to that water, the specks of pepper move rapidly outwards. The Marangoni effect (also called the Gibbs–Marangoni effect ) is the mass transfer along an interface between two phases due to a gradient of the surface tension .