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Entanglement: At least 344 species are entangled by packaging waste, specifically the ones that are plastics. [4] Most of the victims are marine species like whales, seabirds, turtles, and fish. [4] [6] Ingestion: 233 marine species are recorded that had consumed plastic packaging waste of either unintentionally, intentionally, or indirectly. [4]
Food waste can be biodegraded by composting, and reused to fertilize soil. Composting is the aerobic process completed by microorganisms in which the bacteria break down the food waste into simpler organic materials that can then be used in soil. [169]
As the plastic waste released into the environment already has a significant impact on ecosystems, an increase of this magnitude could have dramatic consequences. [35] The trade in plastic waste has been identified as "a main culprit" of marine litter. [a] Countries importing the waste plastics often lack the capacity to process all the ...
The long-term effects of plastics in the food chain are poorly understood. In 2009 it was estimated that 10% of modern waste was plastic, [58] although estimates vary according to region. [57] Meanwhile, 50% to 80% of debris in marine areas is plastic. [57] Plastic is often used in agriculture. There is more plastic in the soil than in the oceans.
Food storage nowadays relies mainly on plastic food storage containers. A basic but important distinction is between single-use / disposable and multi-use / durable containers. The former makes up a notable portion of the global plastic waste (e.g. toothpaste tubs, food delivery foam containers, most plastic bottles, etc.).
From the start of plastic production through to 2015, the world produced around 6.3 billion tonnes of plastic waste, only 9% of which has been recycled and only ~1% has been recycled more than once. [28] Of the remaining waste, 12% was incinerated and 79% was either sent to landfills or lost to the environment as pollution. [28]
Post-consumer waste is a waste type produced by the end consumer of a material stream; that is, where the waste-producing use did not involve the production of another product. The terms of pre-consumer and post-consumer recycled materials are not defined in ISO standard number 14021 (1999), but pre-consumer and post-consumer materials are.
Plastic recycling is low in the waste hierarchy, meaning that reduction and reuse are more favourable and long-term solutions for sustainability. It has been advocated since the early 1970s, [41] but due to economic and technical challenges, did not impact the management of plastic waste to any significant extent until the late 1980s. The ...