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Grade II – Relatively large amplitude, rhythmically oscillating joint glide that carries well into the available arthrokinematic joint play. Activates Type II mechanoreceptors that inhibit nociception and provide information about joint acceleration. They also have a low threshold and respond to a few grams of tension.
The terms "arthrokinetic reflex" was coined by medical researchers at the University of Pittsburgh's Medical School, department of Physiology, in 1956 to refer to the way in which joint movement can reflexively cause muscle activation or inhibition.
A series of images that represent research (left) and practice (right) in the field of academic kinesiology. Kinesiology (from Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis) ' movement ' and -λογία-logía ' study of ') is the scientific study of human body movement.
Smooth muscle is involuntary and found in parts of the body where it conveys action without conscious intent. The majority of this type of muscle tissue is found in the digestive and urinary systems where it acts by propelling forward food, chyme, and feces in the former and urine in the latter.
Motion, the process of movement, is described using specific anatomical terms.Motion includes movement of organs, joints, limbs, and specific sections of the body.The terminology used describes this motion according to its direction relative to the anatomical position of the body parts involved.
The gross anatomy of a muscle is the most important indicator of its role in the body. One particularly important aspect of gross anatomy of muscles is pennation or lack thereof. In most muscles, all the fibers are oriented in the same direction, running in a line from the origin to the insertion.
A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement.. Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces.
The pivot-shift test [1] is one of the three major tests for assessing anterior cruciate injury or laxity, the other two being the anterior drawer and Lachman test. However, unlike the other two, it tests for instability, an important determinant as to how the knee will function. [ 1 ]