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Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B 1, is a vitamin – an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. [1] [3] [4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. [1] Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino ...
Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B 1). [1] A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. [1] [7] The name beriberi was possibly borrowed in the 18th century from the Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”), owing to the weakness caused by the condition.
Vitamin B 1 analogues are analogues of vitamin B 1, thiamine. They typically have improved bioavailability relative to thiamine itself, and are used to treat conditions caused by vitamin B 1 deficiency. These conditions include beriberi, Korsakoff's syndrome, Wernicke's encephalopathy and diabetic neuropathy.
This is a list of psychiatric medications used by psychiatrists and other physicians to treat mental illness or distress. The list is ordered alphabetically according to the condition or conditions, then by the generic name of each medication. The list is not exhaustive and not all drugs are used regularly in all countries.
Thiamine: Thiamine plays a central role in the release of energy from carbohydrates. It is involved in RNA and DNA production, as well as nerve function. Its active form is a coenzyme called thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), which takes part in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A in metabolism. [11] Vitamin B 2: Riboflavin
Thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor that is present in all living systems, in which it catalyzes several biochemical reactions. Thiamine pyrophosphate is synthesized in the cytosol and is required in the cytosol for the activity of transketolase and in the mitochondria for the activity of pyruvate-, oxoglutarate- and branched chain keto acid ...
It is also used to treat thiamine deficiency and poor concentration. Being a potent cholinergic, [citation needed] sulbutiamine is a popular nootropic, with users reporting enhanced memory, focus, and improved mood and motivation. Endurance athletes may use it to try to enhance their performance. [4] [5]
Benfotiamine (rINN, or S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) is a synthetic, fat-soluble, S-acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) that is approved in some countries as a medication or dietary supplement to treat diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Benfotiamine was developed in late 1950s in Japan. [1] [2]