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The concept of an immaterial soul separate from and surviving the body is common today but according to modern scholars, it was not found in ancient Hebrew beliefs. [1] The word nephesh never means an immortal soul [27] or an incorporeal part of the human being [28] that can survive death of the body as the spirit of the dead. [29]
As such, being incorporeal, though "infused" in an unknown manner to the body, and being the "form" of the body in a platonic sense, the soul has no location, and therefore cannot be "located in" the body as one locates an organ. This is the typical understanding of the soul found in the Catholic Church today.
There is no concept of a human soul, or of eternal life, in the oldest parts of the Old Testament. [8] Death is the going-out of the breath which God once breathed into the dust, all men face the same fate in Sheol, a shadowy existence without knowledge or feeling (Job 14:13; Qoheloth 9:5), and there is no way that mortals can enter heaven. [ 8 ]
The Old Testament consistently uses three primary words to describe the parts of man: basar (flesh), which refers to the external, material aspect of man (mostly in emphasizing human frailty); nephesh, which refers to the soul as well as the whole person or life; and ruach which is used to refer to the human spirit (ruach can mean "wind", "breath", or "spirit" depending on the context; cf ...
Interpretations disagree as to where in the spine the luz is located. Some say it refers to the small, almond-shaped bone at the top of the spinal column (the first cervical vertebra, C1 or the Atlas ), underneath the brain, on the top of the spine, (the bone where the knot of the tefillin rests).
The tract takes the form of a catechetical dialogue, or at least begins that way, one interlocutor falling silent about halfway through; of the three surviving versions, version L represents itself as a conversation between two "friends in Christ"; versions A and H replace this pair with a questioning sister and answering brother and a questioning son and answering father respectively.
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The Bosom of Abraham, Romanesque capital from the former Priory of Alspach, Alsace.(Unterlinden Museum, Colmar)The Bosom of Abraham refers to the place of comfort in the biblical Sheol (or Hades in the Greek Septuagint version of the Hebrew scriptures from around 200 BC, and therefore so described in the New Testament) [1] where the righteous dead await Judgment Day.