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Bronchiolitis typically affects infants and children younger than two years, principally during the autumn and winter. [15] It is the leading cause of hospital admission for respiratory disease among infants in the United States and accounts for one out of every 13 primary care visits. [8]
Bronchiolitis obliterans results in worsening shortness of breath, wheezing, and a dry cough.The symptoms can start gradually, or severe symptoms can occur suddenly. [9] [10] These symptoms represent an obstructive pattern that is non-reversible with bronchodilator therapy, and need to be related to various lung insults. [11]
DPB and bronchiolitis obliterans are two forms of primary bronchiolitis. [2] Specific overlapping features of both diseases include strong cough with large amounts of often pus-filled sputum; nodules viewable on lung X-rays in the lower bronchi and bronchiolar area; and chronic sinusitis.
For children younger than 15 years old, nasopharyngel catheters or nasal prongs are recommended over a face mask or head box. [26] A Cochrane review in 2014 presented a summary to identify children complaining of severe LRTI, however; further research is required to determine the effectiveness of supplemental oxygen and the best delivery method.
Preschool children with adenovirus colds tend to present with a nasal congestion, runny nose and abdominal pain. [2] There may be a harsh barking cough. [2] It is frequently associated with a fever and a sore throat. [2] Up to one in five infants with bronchiolitis will have adenovirus infection, which can be severe. [2]
[3] [13] About 5% of adults are affected and about 6% of children have at least one episode a year. [7] [8] It occurs more often in the winter. [7] In infants under one year of age, acute bronchitis was the most common reason for admission to the hospital after an emergency department visit in the US in 2011. [31]
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), formerly known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), is an inflammation of the bronchioles (bronchiolitis) and surrounding tissue in the lungs. [2] [3] It is a form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. [4]
Respiratory bronchiolitis is a lung disease associated with tobacco smoking. [1] In pathology, it is defined by the presence of " smoker's macrophages ". [ 1 ] When manifesting significant clinical symptoms it is referred to as respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD).