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When, later on, the ecclesiastical chants had been co-ordinated, it was found necessary to provide them with a notation. The attribution to Pope Gregory I (590-604) of an official codification of the collection of antiphons occurring in the Divine Office has at frequent intervals, exercised the wit of the learned.
When a chant consists of alternating verses (usually sung by a cantor) and responses (usually sung by the congregation), a refrain is needed. The looser term antiphony is generally used for any call and response style of singing, such as the kirtan or the sea shanty and other work songs, and songs and worship in African and African-American ...
Printed antiphonary (ca. 1700) open to Vespers of Easter Sunday. (Musée de l'Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris)An antiphonary or antiphonal is one of the liturgical books intended for use in choro (i.e. in the liturgical choir), and originally characterized, as its name implies, by the assignment to it principally of the antiphons used in various parts of the Latin liturgical rites.
The second couplet is sung antiphonally by two cantors of the second choir, and the third couplet by two cantors of the first choir; after each the two choirs respond as above. The nine following reproaches are sung alternately by the cantors of each choir, beginning with the second, with the full choir responding after each reproach with the ...
The chants can be sung by using six-note patterns called hexachords. Gregorian melodies are traditionally written using neumes, an early form of musical notation from which the modern four-line and five-line staff developed. [2] Multi-voice elaborations of Gregorian chant, known as organum, were an early stage in the development of Western ...
A very rare form of tonary is a fully notated one, which shows every chant genre (not only the antiphonal ones with psalmody as introit and communio of the proper mass) ordered according to its tonus. A very famous example is the full tonary for mass chant by Abbot William of Volpiano, written for his Abbey St. Benignus of Dijon (F-MOf H.159).
The Liber Brevior is a book of commonly used Gregorian chants in the Catholic tradition. [1] It is an abbreviation of the Liber Usualis and differs from that compendium of chant music in that it contains only the chants required for use at sung Mass, omitting the chants used in the chanting of the Divine Office.
The chant manuscript records mainly Western plainchant of the Roman-Frankish proper Mass and part of the chant sung during the matins ("Gregorian chant"), but unlike the common form of the Gradual and of the Antiphonary, William organized his manuscript according to the chant genre (antiphons with psalmody, alleluia verses, graduals ...