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In painting, photography, graphical perspective and descriptive geometry, a picture plane is an image plane located between the "eye point" (or oculus) and the object being viewed and is usually coextensive to the material surface of the work. It is ordinarily a vertical plane perpendicular to the sightline to the object of interest.
The valorization of flatness led to a number of art movements, including minimalism and post-painterly abstractionism. [1] [2] Modernism of the arts happened during the second half of the 19th century and extended into most of the 20th. This period of art is identified by art forms consisting of an image on a flat two-dimensional surface.
Reverse perspective, also called inverse perspective, [1] inverted perspective, [2] divergent perspective, [3] [4] or Byzantine perspective, [5] is a form of perspective drawing where the objects depicted in a scene are placed between the projective point and the viewing plane.
The figure to the right is an oblique projection with an angle of 30° and a ratio of 1 ⁄ 2. Potting bench drawn in cabinet projection with an angle of 45° and a ratio of 2/3. Pieces of fortification in cavalier perspective ( Cyclopaedia vol. 1, 1728).
If a geometric shape can be used as a prototile to create a tessellation, the shape is said to tessellate or to tile the plane. The Conway criterion is a sufficient, but not necessary, set of rules for deciding whether a given shape tiles the plane periodically without reflections: some tiles fail the criterion, but still tile the plane. [19]
Fig.1: Pictorial of the imaginary object that the technician wishes to image. Fig.2: The object is imagined behind a vertical plane of projection. The angled corner of the plane of projection is addressed later. Fig.3: Projectors emanate parallel from all points of the object, perpendicular to the plane of projection.
A figure is a representation including both shape and size (as in, e.g., figure of the Earth). A plane shape or plane figure is constrained to lie on a plane, in contrast to solid 3D shapes. A two-dimensional shape or two-dimensional figure (also: 2D shape or 2D figure) may lie on a more general curved surface (a two-dimensional space).
If π is a polarity of the finite Desarguesian projective plane PG(2, q) where q = p e for some prime p, then the number of absolute points of π is q + 1 if π is orthogonal or q 3/2 + 1 if π is unitary. In the orthogonal case, the absolute points lie on a conic if p is odd or form a line if p = 2.