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In a normal axis, QRS is between -30° and +90°. In contrast to that, left axis deviation (LAD) is defined as QRS axis between −30° and −90°, and right axis deviation is defined as QRS axis greater than +90°, while extreme axis deviation occurs when QRS axis is between -90° and 180°. [3]
This would lead to right axis deviation findings on an ECG. [6] Bifascicular block is a combination of right bundle branch block and either left anterior fascicular block or left posterior fascicular block. Conduction to the ventricle would therefore be via the remaining fascicle.
LAFB cannot be diagnosed when a prior inferior wall myocardial infarction (IMI) is evident on the ECG. IMI can also cause extreme left-axis deviation, but will manifest with Q-waves in the inferior leads II, III, and aVF. By contrast, QRS complexes in the inferior leads should begin with r-waves in LAFB. [citation needed]
Left axis deviation (QRS of −30° or more) 2 QRS duration ≥0.09 sec 1 Delayed intrinsicoid deflection in V 5 or V 6 (>0.05 sec) 1
Electrocardiography shows right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), along with right axis deviation. [24] RVH is noted on EKG as tall R-waves in lead V1 and deep S-waves in lead V5–V6. [ 52 ]
Electrical alternans is an electrocardiographic phenomenon of alternation of QRS complex amplitude or axis between beats and a possible wandering base-line. It can be seen in cardiac tamponade and severe pericardial effusion and is thought to be related to changes in the ventricular electrical axis due to fluid in the pericardium, as the heart essentially wobbles in the fluid filled ...
Exotropia is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. It is the opposite of esotropia and usually involves more severe axis deviation than exophoria.People with exotropia often experience crossed diplopia.
The axis may be normal but may be deviated to the left or right. [4] There are also partial blocks of the left bundle branch: "left anterior fascicular block" (LAFB) [5] and a "left posterior fascicular block" (LPFB). [5] This refers to the block after the bifurcation of the left bundle branch.