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The IEED project is supervised by Alexander Lubotsky. [2] It aims to accomplish the following goals: to compile etymological databases for the individual branches of Indo-European, containing all the words that can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European, and print them in Brill's Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary series,
A classic example of the five grades of ablaut in a single root is provided by the different case forms of two closely related Greek words. In the following table, an acute accent (´) marks the syllable carrying the word stress; a macron (¯) marks long vowels and the syllable in bold is the one illustrating the different vowel gradations.
The word etymology is derived from the Ancient Greek word ἐτυμολογία (etumologíā), itself from ἔτυμον (étumon), meaning ' true sense or sense of a truth ', and the suffix -logia, denoting ' the study or logic of '. [3] [4] The etymon refers to the predicate (i.e. stem [5] or root [6]) from which a
The following conventions are used: Cognates are in general given in the oldest well-documented language of each family, although forms in modern languages are given for families in which the older stages of the languages are poorly documented or do not differ significantly from the modern languages.
Root extensions are additions of one or two sounds, often plosives, to the end of a root. These extensions do not seem to change the meaning of a root, and often lead to variant root forms across different descendants. The source and function of these extensions is not known. [14] For *(s)tew-'to push, hit, thrust', we can reconstruct: [14]
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples galact-[1] (ΓΛΑΚ) [2] milk: Greek: γάλα, γάλακτος (gála, gálaktos) galactagogue, galactic, galactorrhea, lactose, polygala, polygalactia, galaxy gam-[3] marriage, wedding: Greek
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples cac-, kak-[1]bad: Greek: κακός (kakós), κάκιστος (kákistos): cachexia ...
This explanation is more popular among linguists, for two reasons: firstly, because a simplification of geminate *ss is also observable elsewhere in the language (e.g. PIE *h 1 és-si → *h 1 ési: see Indo-European copula); and secondly, because most PIE roots beginning with the clusters *sp-, *st-, etc. have variants without the *s-, whereas ...