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Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. [1] As a medical specialty , obstetrics is combined with gynecology under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), which is a surgical field.
Obstetrics can be described as all of the following: Medicine – medicine is the science and art of healing . It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness in human beings .
Though many questions remain about the true nature of the origin of life, this was the first attempt by chemists to study hypothetical processes in the laboratory under controlled conditions. [ 9 ] In 1983 Kary Mullis devised a method for the in-vitro amplification of DNA, known as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which revolutionized the ...
He also began work on the chemistry of glucose and related sugars. [101] In 1885, Eugen Goldstein named the cathode ray , later discovered to be composed of electrons, and the canal ray , later discovered to be positive hydrogen ions that had been stripped of their electrons in a cathode-ray tube ; these would later be named protons . [ 102 ]
A modern hormone pregnancy test, showing a positive result A series of pregnancy test strips, taken one per day at the beginning of a pregnancy. A pregnancy test is used to determine whether a female is pregnant or not.
One randomized controlled trial, however, came to the result of a higher perinatal death rate of normally formed infants born after 24 weeks exposed to Doppler ultrasonography (RR 3.95, 95% CI 1.32–11.77), but this was not a primary outcome of the study, and has been speculated to be due to chance rather than a harmful effect of Doppler itself.
In 1884, she was appointed as an instructor in sanitary chemistry at a newly formed MIT laboratory for the study of sanitation. [ 18 ] Mrs. Richards was a consulting chemist for the Massachusetts State Board of Health from 1872 to 1875, and the Commonwealth's official water analyst from 1887 until 1897. [ 19 ]
In the UK, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, based in London, encourages the study and advancement of both the science and practice of obstetrics and gynaecology. This is done through postgraduate medical education and training development, and the publication of clinical guidelines and reports on aspects of the specialty ...