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However, fugacity has the dimension of pressure, so it must be divided by a standard pressure, usually 1 bar, in order to produce a dimensionless quantity, f / p o . An equilibrium constant is expressed in terms of the dimensionless quantity. For example, for the equilibrium 2NO 2 ⇌ N 2 O 4,
The equilibrium expression above is a function of the concentrations [A], [B] etc. of the chemical species in equilibrium. The equilibrium constant value can be determined if any one of these concentrations can be measured.
The reaction quotient plays a crucial role in understanding the direction and extent of a chemical reaction's progress towards equilibrium: Equilibrium condition: At equilibrium, the reaction quotient (Q) is equal to the equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction. This condition is represented as Q = K, indicating that the forward and reverse ...
For a reversible reaction, the equilibrium constant can be measured at a variety of temperatures. This data can be plotted on a graph with ln K eq on the y -axis and 1 / T on the x axis. The data should have a linear relationship, the equation for which can be found by fitting the data using the linear form of the Van 't Hoff equation
This raises the equilibrium quantity from Q 1 to the higher Q 2. (A movement along the curve is described as a "change in the quantity demanded" to distinguish it from a "change in demand", that is, a shift of the curve.) The increase in demand has caused an increase in (equilibrium) quantity. The increase in demand could come from changing ...
The extent of reaction is a useful quantity in computations with equilibrium reactions. [citation needed] Consider the reaction 2 A ⇌ B + 3 C. where the initial amounts are = , = , = , and the equilibrium amount of A is 0.5 mol. We can calculate the extent of reaction in equilibrium from its definition
The equilibrium state of a thermodynamic system is described by specifying its "state". The state of a thermodynamic system is specified by a number of extensive quantities , the most familiar of which are volume , internal energy , and the amount of each constituent particle ( particle numbers ).
The free concentrations are calculated by solving the equations of mass-balance, and the concentrations of the complexes are calculated using the equilibrium constant definitions. A quantity corresponding to the observed quantity can then be calculated using physical principles such as the Nernst potential or Beer-Lambert law which relate the ...