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  2. Urdu literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_literature

    Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language.While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or afsana (افسانہ).

  3. Urdu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu

    The name Urdu was first introduced by the poet Ghulam Hamadani Mushafi around 1780. [29] [30] As a literary language, Urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings. [76] [77] While Urdu retained the grammar and core Indo-Aryan vocabulary of the local Indian dialect Khariboli, it adopted the Perso-Arab writing system, written in the Nastaleeq style.

  4. Pakistani literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_literature

    The nature of Pakistani literature soon after independence aroused controversy among writers due to its being centred heavily on the negative events related to the independence movement. [1] According to Gilani Kamran ( GC University ), Pakistani literature was expected to take a new direction along with the new state of Pakistan at this point ...

  5. Rekhta (website) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekhta_(website)

    Rekhta is an Indian web portal started by Rekhta Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to the preservation and promotion of the Urdu literature. [4] The Rekhta Library Project, its books preservation initiative, has successfully digitized approximately 200,000 books over a span of ten years. [5]

  6. Existence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existence

    The existential quantifier ∃ is often used in logic to express existence.. Existence is the state of having being or reality in contrast to nonexistence and nonbeing.Existence is often contrasted with essence: the essence of an entity is its essential features or qualities, which can be understood even if one does not know whether the entity exists.

  7. Pakistani textbooks controversy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_textbooks...

    The Class VI book (Punjab Textbook Board) on Islamic Studies says: "Though being a student, you cannot practically participate in jihad, but you may provide financial support for jihad." The Class IV (ages 8–9) book (Punjab Textbook Board) on Urdu says: "The better a Muslim we become, the better a citizen we prove to be."

  8. Wazir Agha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wazir_Agha

    Wazir Agha (Urdu: وزیر آغا; born 18 May 1922 – 8 September 2010) was a Pakistani Urdu language writer, poet, critic and essayist. [3] He has written many poetry and prose books. [4] He was also the editor and publisher of the literary magazine "Auraq" for many decades. [1] He introduced many theories in Urdu literature. His most famous ...

  9. Shikwa and Jawab-e-Shikwa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikwa_and_Jawab-e-Shikwa

    "Shikwa" (Urdu: شکوہ, "Complaint") and "Jawab-e-Shikwa" (Urdu: جواب شکوہ, "Response to the Complaint") are poems written by Muhammad Iqbal, in the Urdu language, which were later published in his book Bang e Dara The poems are often noted for their musicality, poetical beauty and depth of thought.