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Geometrical compression ratio is 12.5:1 The large valve overlap leads to a reduction in cylinder charge and reduced torque and power output, but efficiency is increased. This combination makes the 2AR-FXE suitable for use in hybrid vehicles , where peak torque and power demands can be met by the electric motor and battery .
For example, if the static compression ratio is 10:1, and the dynamic compression ratio is 7.5:1, a useful value for cylinder pressure would be 7.5 1.3 × atmospheric pressure, or 13.7 bar (relative to atmospheric pressure). The two corrections for dynamic compression ratio affect cylinder pressure in opposite directions, but not in equal strength.
In naturally aspirated engines powered by octane, maximum power is frequently reached at AFRs ranging from 12.5 to 13.3:1 or λ of 0.850 to 0.901. [citation needed] The air-fuel ratio of 12:1 is considered as the maximum output ratio, whereas the air-fuel ratio of 16:1 is considered as the maximum fuel economy ratio. [citation needed]
The EA211 engines are a completely new four-cylinder turbocharged and direct-injection TSI engines. Compared to its predecessor, the EA211 series is significantly more compact, with installation length 50 mm (2.0 in) shorter, thus offering more interior space.
The Smartstream G2.5 GDi is an inline 4-cylinder engine with both direct and multi-port injection and a 13.0:1 compression ratio; the engine makes 194 PS (191 hp; 143 kW) at 6,100 rpm and 25 kg⋅m (181 lb⋅ft; 245 N⋅m) of torque at 4,000 rpm in the Sonata, for the Azera and Cadenza the engine makes 198 PS (195 hp; 146 kW) at 6,100 rpm and ...
The Toyota GR engine family is a gasoline, open-deck, piston V6 engine series. The GR series has a 60° die-cast aluminium block and aluminium DOHC cylinder heads.This engine series also features 4 valves per cylinder, forged steel connecting rods and crankshaft, one-piece cast camshafts, a timing chain, [1] and a cast aluminium lower intake manifold.
[4] Subaru claims a 28-percent reduction in friction losses, mainly due to lighter pistons and connecting rods. [4] [5] A compact oil pump is also credited with contributing to the reduction in friction losses. [1] The FB has a 10% improvement in fuel economy [1] with the power coming on sooner and the torque band being broader. [6]
LPG was popular in Australia, because it was less than half the price of petrol in urban areas (approx A$0.59-0.75 per litre, as opposed to A$1.10-1.35 per litre for unleaded fuel and A$1.15-1.30 per litre for diesel, in February 2010), and it is locally produced.